Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Department of Human Science, University of Verona, Verona, Italy.
Front Public Health. 2023 Dec 14;11:1242712. doi: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1242712. eCollection 2023.
Gross Motor Coordination (GMC) is crucial for the adequate development of motor competence. Our purpose in this semi-longitudinal study was to evaluate the influence of BMI on GMC in children and pre-adolescents of both sexes, across school years (classes).
We evaluated 117 subjects (aged 8-13 years) belonging to three different cohorts for 4 consecutive years, providing data over 6 years (classes). GMC was assessed through the Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) test. Class and weight status effects were then evaluated by dividing the subjects into a normal weight group and an overweight group based on their weight status.
A significant increase across classes was found for BMI ( < 0.001) and KTK raw score ( < 0.001) and a decrease was found for KTK normalized score (MQ) ( = 0.043). Significantly lower MQ values were found for girls. Absolute GMC increased across the years and there was no difference between boys and girls. Correlations between GMC scores and BMI were negative and significant in 5 of 6 classes. It was confirmed that overweight subjects had lower MQ and RAW values than normal-weight subjects, with no class-by-weight status interaction.
The level of competence and its development are strictly dependent on weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence. The present investigation suggests that the adequate development of GMC requires not only targeted physical education programs but also the promotion of healthy habits aimed at maintaining a normal weight status during childhood and pre-adolescence.
粗大运动协调能力（GMC）对运动能力的充分发展至关重要。本半纵向研究的目的是评估 BMI 对儿童和青春期前儿童的 GMC 的影响，研究跨越了学年（班级）。
我们评估了 117 名 8-13 岁的受试者，在连续 4 年内进行了 3 次不同的评估，共提供了 6 年（班级）的数据。GMC 通过 Körperkoordinationstest für Kinder (KTK) 测试进行评估。然后，根据体重状况将受试者分为正常体重组和超重组，评估班级和体重状况的影响。
发现 BMI（ < 0.001）和 KTK 原始分数（ < 0.001）随班级的显著增加，而 KTK 归一化分数（MQ）（ = 0.043）则降低。女生的 MQ 值明显较低。绝对 GMC 随着年份的增加而增加，男孩和女孩之间没有差异。在 6 个班级中的 5 个班级中，GMC 评分与 BMI 之间的相关性为负且显著。证实超重受试者的 MQ 和 RAW 值低于正常体重受试者，且班级与体重状况之间无交互作用。
在儿童和青春期前，运动能力的水平和发展与体重状况密切相关。本研究表明，GMC 的充分发展不仅需要有针对性的体育教育计划，还需要促进健康习惯，以维持儿童和青春期前的正常体重状况。
