Division of Infectious Diseases, Department of Pediatrics, University of Arizona, Tucson, AZ 85719, USA.
Newborn Nursery Service and Hospitalist Service, Division of General Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine, Stead Family Department of Pediatrics, University of Iowa, Iowa, IA 52242, USA.
Viruses. 2021 Dec 18;13(12):2542. doi: 10.3390/v13122542.
Deaths from herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) and herpes simplex virus type 2 (HSV-2) are rare. A major exception is perinatally acquired HSV-1 or HSV-2 infection where the neonatal death rate is substantial. Fatal HSV infection also occurs occasionally in pregnant women. The goal of this review is to enumerate the reports that describe dual deaths of both a pregnant woman and her newborn from a herpesvirus infection. A total of 15 reports were found in the medical literature, of which five described pregnant women with HSV encephalitis and 10 described women with disseminated HSV infection. When the virus was typed, most cases of dual mother/newborn deaths were caused by HSV-2. Of interest, in two situations caused by HSV-1, the pregnant woman probably acquired her primary HSV-1 infection from one of her children and not by sexual transmission. Complete genomic sequencing was performed on one set of HSV-1 isolates collected from mother (blood) and newborn (blood and skin). The mother's strain and the newborn's skin strain were 98.9% identical. When the newborn's two strains were compared, they were 97.4% identical. Only one mother was tested by the HerpeSelect IgG antibody kit. During the nine days of her undiagnosed disseminated infection preceding her death, her serology was negative. In summary, although dual mother/newborn deaths from HSV infection are rare, they continue to be reported as recently as 2017.
单纯疱疹病毒 1 型（HSV-1）和单纯疱疹病毒 2 型（HSV-2）导致的死亡很少见。一个主要的例外是围产期获得的 HSV-1 或 HSV-2 感染，新生儿死亡率很高。孕妇也偶尔会发生致命的 HSV 感染。本综述的目的是列举描述孕妇及其新生儿因疱疹病毒感染而双双死亡的报告。在医学文献中总共发现了 15 份报告，其中 5 份描述了患有单纯疱疹脑炎的孕妇，10 份描述了患有播散性单纯疱疹感染的孕妇。当对病毒进行分型时，大多数母婴双双死亡的病例是由 HSV-2 引起的。有趣的是，在由 HSV-1 引起的两种情况下，孕妇可能是从她的一个孩子那里获得了她的原发性 HSV-1 感染，而不是通过性传播。对从母亲（血液）和新生儿（血液和皮肤）收集的一组 HSV-1 分离株进行了完整的基因组测序。母亲的株和新生儿的皮肤株 98.9%相同。当比较新生儿的两个菌株时，它们有 97.4%相同。只有一位母亲接受了 HerpeSelect IgG 抗体试剂盒的检测。在她死亡前未经诊断的播散性感染的九天里，她的血清学检查呈阴性。总之，尽管 HSV 感染导致母婴双双死亡的情况很少见，但直到 2017 年仍有报道。
