State Institution «National Research Center for Radiation Medicine of the National Academy of Medical Sciences of Ukraine», 53 Yuriia Illienka Str., Kyiv, 04050, Ukraine.
Probl Radiac Med Radiobiol. 2021 Dec;26:141-161. doi: 10.33145/2304-8336-2021-26-141-161.
Radiation accidents at the Chornobyl Nuclear Power Plant (USSR, 1986) and Fukushima-1 (Japan,2011) have shown that global environmental contamination is an intervention in normal human life making nega-tive effect on population health. These accidents highlighted a number of statutory and regulatory both with me-dical and social problems for individuals, who returned voluntarily for permanent residence in the ChornobylExclusion Zone i.e. a radiation-hazardous area (they are named the «self-settlers»).
generalization of experience in the settlement of normative-legal, ecological-dosimetric and medico-social life issues of population living in the Chornobyl NPP (ChNPP) Exclusion Zone («self-settlers»).
The chosen problem is complex, necessitating the generalization of radiation-hygienic, med-ical-biological, socio-economic, demographic and sociological research results obtained by the national and foreignauthors. A set of theoretical research and analysis of empirical data methods on the principles of interdisciplinaryinteraction was used; the systematic, legal, economic, medical-biological, demographic and retrospective-dosimet-ric approaches of research were applied.
It was shown that a part of population refused to evacuate or had returned for permanent residence to theradiation-hazardous lands after the ChNPP accident. In 1986-2009 the number of «self-settlers» ranged from 150to 2,000 in different years. In 2021 - the 101 people. Those were mainly people of working age, mostly females, single people or widows/widowers. Рrevious medical and dosimetric studies have shown that long-term residence inthe Exclusion Zone affects physical and mental health of «self-settlers» and causes atypical aging, includinginvolvement of the central nervous system. According to calculations, the average effective total radiation doseaccumulated by «self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of dose for the entire post-accident period, and thedose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years. But the effective radiation dosesaccumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantly in residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. This information needs further study in terms of the «radiation dose - health status» dependence.
The effective radiation doses accumulated in different periods after the accident differ significantlyin the residents of different Exclusion Zone settlements. Тhe average effective total radiation dose accumulated by«self-settlers» for the first 3 years was 30 % of the dose for the entire post-accident period, and the dose accumulated over 20 years was 54 % of the dose accumulated over 35 years.
切尔诺贝利核电厂（苏联，1986 年）和福岛第一核电站（日本，2011 年）的辐射事故表明，全球环境受到污染，这对人类的正常生活造成了负面影响，对人口健康产生了不利影响。这些事故凸显了一些与医疗和社会问题相关的法定和监管问题，这些问题对自愿返回切尔诺贝利隔离区（即辐射危险区）永久居住的个人产生了影响，他们被称为“自我定居者”。
总结生活在切尔诺贝利核电站（ChNPP）隔离区（“自我定居者”）的人口在规范法律、生态剂量和医学社会生活问题方面的经验。
所选择的问题较为复杂，需要综合辐射卫生、医学生物学、社会经济、人口和社会学等方面的国内外作者的研究成果。本文采用了一系列理论研究和分析经验数据的方法，遵循跨学科互动的原则；应用了系统、法律、经济、医学生物学、人口学和回溯剂量学的研究方法。
研究表明，在切尔诺贝利核电站事故发生后，一部分人口拒绝撤离或返回辐射危险地区永久居住。1986 年至 2009 年，不同年份的“自我定居者”人数在 150 至 2000 人之间。2021 年为 101 人。这些人主要是劳动年龄人口，大多是女性，单身或丧偶。先前的医学和剂量学研究表明，长期居住在隔离区会影响“自我定居者”的身心健康，导致非典型衰老，包括中枢神经系统参与。根据计算，“自我定居者”在头 3 年积累的平均有效总辐射剂量占整个事故后时期剂量的 30%，而 20 年积累的剂量占 35 年积累剂量的 54%。但事故后不同时期积累的有效辐射剂量在不同隔离区定居点的居民中差异显著。这一信息需要进一步研究，以确定“辐射剂量-健康状况”之间的关系。
事故后不同时期在不同隔离区定居点的居民积累的有效辐射剂量差异显著。“自我定居者”在头 3 年积累的平均有效总辐射剂量占整个事故后时期剂量的 30%，而 20 年积累的剂量占 35 年积累剂量的 54%。
