Choridah L, Kurniadi D, Ain K, Ulum M F, Mukhaiyar U, Garnadi A D, Setyawan N H
Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.
Physics Engineering, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia.
J Electr Bioimpedance. 2021 Nov 20;12(1):63-68. doi: 10.2478/joeb-2021-0008. eCollection 2021 Jan.
Ultrasonography (US) and Electrical Impedance Tomography (EIT) can be used to detect breast cancer. Ultrasonography is based on non-ionizing radiations without adverse biological effects. A set of electrodes was placed around the torso and a small alternating current (AC) was injected via two of the electrodes into the object. This study aimed to acquire preliminary data to evaluate the EIT method for differentiation of artificial solid and cystic tumors in comparison to standard US. This study used a phantom made from chicken meat. In order to obtain the image of the solid tumor, an olive with carrot insertion was done, and the cystic tumor was created by filling a small balloon with water. GE Logic C5 ultrasound was performed with a 12 MHz linear transducer. For EIT measurement, 16 ECG electrodes and 32 ECG electrodes were placed. Data processing was done using the Graz consensus Reconstruction algorithm for EIT (GREIT) and Newton's One Step Error Reconstructor (NOSER) methods. The artificial solid tumor produced an ultrasound image of an oval, inhomogeneous lesions. The GREIT method with 16 electrodes of artificial solid tumor did not show a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing 2 anomalies, but a match was found with 32 electrodes. In the NOSER method, both 16 and 32 electrodes showed a match. Ultrasound of the artificial cystic tumor showed an oval, circumscribed, anechoic with posterior enhancement. Both the GREIT and NOSER methods using the artificial cystic tumor showed a match between the reconstructed image and the original object containing two anomalies. EIT has a lower imaging resolution in comparison to ultrasonography, but is progressively maturing as a tool for monitoring and imaging. The solid and cystic anomalies on the phantoms were visualized by the GREIT and NOSER methods except for the solid anomaly with the GREIT 16 electrodes.
超声检查（US）和电阻抗断层成像（EIT）可用于检测乳腺癌。超声检查基于非电离辐射，无不良生物效应。一组电极放置在躯干周围，并通过其中两个电极向对象注入小交流电（AC）。本研究旨在获取初步数据，以评估与标准超声相比，EIT方法在区分人工实体瘤和囊性肿瘤方面的效果。本研究使用了由鸡肉制成的体模。为了获得实体瘤的图像，将一个插入胡萝卜的橄榄放入其中，通过向一个小气球中注水来创建囊性肿瘤。使用12 MHz线性换能器进行GE Logic C5超声检查。对于EIT测量，放置了16个心电图电极和32个心电图电极。使用EIT的格拉茨共识重建算法（GREIT）和牛顿一步误差重建器（NOSER）方法进行数据处理。人工实体瘤产生了椭圆形、不均匀病变的超声图像。使用16个电极的人工实体瘤的GREIT方法在重建图像与包含2个异常的原始对象之间未显示匹配，但使用32个电极时发现了匹配。在NOSER方法中，16个和32个电极均显示出匹配。人工囊性肿瘤的超声显示为椭圆形、边界清晰、无回声且后方增强。使用人工囊性肿瘤的GREIT和NOSER方法在重建图像与包含两个异常的原始对象之间均显示出匹配。与超声检查相比，EIT的成像分辨率较低，但作为一种监测和成像工具正在逐步成熟。除了使用GREIT 16电极的实体异常外，体模上的实体和囊性异常均可通过GREIT和NOSER方法可视化。
