Institut d'Investigacions Biomèdiques August Pi i Sunyer, Barcelona, Spain.
Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid, Spain.
Assessment. 2023 Jun;30(4):959-968. doi: 10.1177/10731911211065166. Epub 2021 Dec 30.
Current methods to assess human anxiety often ignore that anxiety is a dynamic process and have limitations such as high recall bias and low generalizability to real life. Smartphone apps using ecological momentary assessment (EMA) may overcome such limitations. We developed a smartphone app for the longitudinal evaluation of anxiety symptoms using EMA. We assessed the feasibility (retention and compliance) and psychometric properties (reliability and validity) of the app over 6 months in a sample of 99 participants with different levels of anxiety. The EMA-based smartphone app was highly feasible. It showed excellent within-person and between-person reliability, high convergent and moderate discriminant validity, and significant incremental validity. Assessing anxiety longitudinally using a smartphone and following EMA principles is feasible and can be reliable and valid. Studies combining EMA-based anxiety longitudinal assessments with other assessment methods deserve further research and may offer novel insights into human anxiety.
目前评估人类焦虑的方法往往忽略了焦虑是一个动态的过程，并且存在诸如高回忆偏差和低现实生活通用性等局限性。使用生态瞬时评估（EMA）的智能手机应用程序可能会克服这些局限性。我们开发了一种使用 EMA 对焦虑症状进行纵向评估的智能手机应用程序。我们在 99 名具有不同焦虑水平的参与者样本中，对该应用程序的可行性（保留率和依从性）和心理测量学特性（可靠性和有效性）进行了 6 个月的评估。基于 EMA 的智能手机应用程序具有高度的可行性。它在个体内和个体间均表现出极好的可靠性，高的聚合效度和适度的区分效度，以及显著的增量效度。使用智能手机对焦虑进行纵向评估并遵循 EMA 原则是可行的，并且可以是可靠和有效的。将基于 EMA 的焦虑纵向评估与其他评估方法相结合的研究值得进一步研究，并且可能为人类焦虑提供新的见解。
