Daniels D, Moos R H, Billings A G, Miller J J
J Abnorm Child Psychol. 1987 Jun;15(2):295-308. doi: 10.1007/BF00916356.
Psychosocial risk and resistance factors within the domains of parental functioning, family stressors, and family resources were examined as predictors of psychological adjustment and physical problems in juvenile rheumatic disease patients (N = 93), their healthy siblings (N = 72), and demographically matched healthy controls (N = 93). Family socioeconomic status and background variables showed few consistent relationships with child functioning. However, a constellation of risk and resistance factors tended to show comparable associations with functioning for patients, siblings, and controls. Higher parental depression and medical symptoms and more family stressors, sibling problems, and burden of illness on the family predicted more problems among the patients. These relationships held when disease duration and severity were controlled. For the siblings, increased parental and patient dysfunction, more family stressors, and less family cohesion and expressiveness were associated with more problems. Although the associations were not as strong, mothers' depression and lack of family cohesion and expressiveness also were related to more adjustment problems among the control children. These findings imply that there may be a general association between certain risk and resistance factors and childhood adaptation.
研究考察了父母功能、家庭压力源和家庭资源等领域内的心理社会风险及抵御因素，将其作为青少年风湿性疾病患者（N = 93）、他们的健康兄弟姐妹（N = 72）以及人口统计学特征匹配的健康对照者（N = 93）心理调适和身体问题的预测指标。家庭社会经济地位和背景变量与儿童功能之间几乎没有一致的关联。然而，一系列风险和抵御因素往往对患者、兄弟姐妹和对照者的功能表现出类似的关联。父母更高的抑郁水平和医学症状、更多的家庭压力源、兄弟姐妹问题以及家庭疾病负担预示着患者中会出现更多问题。在控制疾病持续时间和严重程度后，这些关系依然成立。对于兄弟姐妹而言，父母和患者功能障碍增加、更多家庭压力源以及家庭凝聚力和表达性降低与更多问题相关。虽然关联不那么强烈，但母亲的抑郁以及家庭凝聚力和表达性的缺乏也与对照儿童中更多的调适问题有关。这些发现意味着某些风险和抵御因素与儿童适应之间可能存在普遍关联。
