Alamer Mohammed, Alsaad Ali, Al-Ghareeb Mohammed, Almomatten Almukhtar, Alaethan Mohammed, AlAmeer Mohammed A
Psychiatry, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
Clinical Neuroscience, College of Medicine, King Faisal University, Al-Ahsa, SAU.
Cureus. 2021 Nov 18;13(11):e19710. doi: 10.7759/cureus.19710. eCollection 2021 Nov.
Introduction Mental stigma is when patients of mental illness are labeled by their disorders, viewed negatively, and discriminated against due to their illness. This has a big impact on people's attitudes and behaviors toward the mentally ill. Moreover, mental stigma leads people to avoid patients with mental health issues, blame them for their conditions, and associate them with negative features like being dangerous, unpredictable, and hard to communicate with. The primary objective of this study is to assess the mental stigma among the population of the Al-Ahsa region in Saudi Arabia. Methods This is a cross-sectional study conducted in Al-Ahsa, Saudi Arabia, between June and August 2021. The target population of the study was people aged 18-65 years old whose place of residency during the time of the study was Al-Ahsa. The questionnaire used in this study contained a mental stigma scale called community attitudes toward mental illness (CAMI). Results A total of 758 participants were enrolled in the study. The mean of the stigma score was 99.24 ± 15.622, with a minimum of 53 and a maximum of 176. The means of the subscales were as follows: authoritarianism (26.18 ± 4.420), benevolence (23.26 ± 4.762), community mental health ideology (24.66 ± 5.896), and social restrictiveness (25.13 ± 4.6). There was a positive relationship between age and stigma score. Healthcare workers were found to have a lower level of stigma, as were those who spoke more languages. Also, being diagnosed with a mental illness and knowing someone who is diagnosed with a mental illness were associated with a lower level of stigma. Conclusion Most of the population (91.96%) had a low to medium-low level of stigma. The variables found to affect the level of stigma were age, career, number of spoken languages, being diagnosed with a mental illness, and knowing someone who is diagnosed with a mental illness. Mental stigma has a great impact on the person, as it can prevent the patient from seeking help, lead to isolation, and suicidal ideation. Future stigma-targeted campaigns are recommended.
引言
精神污名是指精神疾病患者因其疾病而被贴上标签，受到负面看待并遭到歧视。这对人们对待精神疾病患者的态度和行为产生了重大影响。此外，精神污名导致人们回避有心理健康问题的患者，指责他们的病情，并将他们与诸如危险、不可预测和难以沟通等负面特征联系起来。本研究的主要目的是评估沙特阿拉伯艾哈萨地区人群中的精神污名情况。
方法
这是一项于2021年6月至8月在沙特阿拉伯艾哈萨进行的横断面研究。该研究的目标人群是年龄在18至65岁之间、在研究期间居住在艾哈萨的人。本研究使用的问卷包含一个名为“社区对精神疾病的态度”（CAMI）的精神污名量表。
结果
共有758名参与者纳入本研究。污名得分的平均值为99.24±15.622，最低为53，最高为176。各子量表的平均值如下：权威主义（26.18±4.420）、仁爱（23.26±4.762）、社区心理健康观念（24.66±5.896）和社会限制（25.13±4.6）。年龄与污名得分之间存在正相关关系。发现医护人员的污名水平较低，会说多种语言的人也是如此。此外，被诊断患有精神疾病以及认识被诊断患有精神疾病的人，其污名水平较低。
结论
大多数人群（91.96%）的污名水平为低至中低水平。发现影响污名水平的变量有年龄、职业、会说的语言数量、被诊断患有精神疾病以及认识被诊断患有精神疾病的人。精神污名对个人有很大影响，因为它会阻碍患者寻求帮助，导致孤立和自杀念头。建议未来开展针对污名的宣传活动。
