Allen Kelly E, Lineberry Megan W
Department of Veterinary Pathobiology, Oklahoma State University's College of Veterinary Medicine, Stillwater, OK, USA.
J Med Entomol. 2022 Mar 16;59(2):675-680. doi: 10.1093/jme/tjab211.
Trypanosoma cruzi is the causative agent of Chagas disease in humans and dogs in the Americas. Transmission predominantly occurs via the feces of infected kissing bugs (Hemiptera: family Reduviidae; subfamily Triatominae) contaminating bite site wounds or mucous membranes. To better understand Chagas disease entomologic risk in Oklahoma, kissing bugs collected from within the state were tested for T. cruzi DNA. Data including county of insect collection, species and instar, and specific locations where specimens were found were collated. Triatomines were also tested by PCR to potentially identify DNA of vertebrate species on which specimens had recently fed. In total, 110 kissing bugs from 22 counties were tested. All triatomines were identified as Triatoma sanguisuga nymphs or adults, with the exception of one possible T. lecticularia adult. Trypanosoma cruzi DNA was detected in 22 (20%) triatomines from 12 counties spanning the state. The majority of T. cruzi PCR positive kissing bugs were found inside homes or associated structures (i.e., garages, porches). Vertebrate DNA was identified in 27 (24.5%) triatomines, with human DNA detected in 25 (92.6%) of these specimens, and canine and raccoon DNA detected in one specimen each (3.7%). Two specimens tested positive for both T. cruzi and human DNA and one specimen tested positive for both T. cruzi and raccoon DNA. Results from this study indicate that kissing bugs carrying T. cruzi are widespread in Oklahoma, that positive kissing bugs infest homes and associated structures, and that human-vector, canine-vector, and wildlife-vector contact all occur within the state.
克氏锥虫是美洲人类和犬类恰加斯病的病原体。传播主要通过受感染的锥蝽（半翅目：猎蝽科；锥蝽亚科）粪便污染叮咬部位伤口或粘膜发生。为了更好地了解俄克拉荷马州恰加斯病的昆虫学风险，对该州采集的锥蝽进行了克氏锥虫DNA检测。收集了包括昆虫采集县、物种和龄期以及发现标本的具体地点等数据。还通过聚合酶链反应（PCR）对锥蝽进行检测，以潜在识别标本近期吸食过的脊椎动物物种的DNA。总共检测了来自22个县的110只锥蝽。除了一只可能为lecticularia锥蝽成虫外，所有锥蝽均被鉴定为血斑锥蝽若虫或成虫。在该州12个县的22只（20%）锥蝽中检测到了克氏锥虫DNA。大多数克氏锥虫PCR阳性的锥蝽是在房屋内或相关建筑（如车库、门廊）中发现的。在27只（24.5%）锥蝽中鉴定出了脊椎动物DNA，其中25只（92.6%）标本检测到人类DNA，一只标本检测到犬类DNA，一只标本检测到浣熊DNA（3.7%）。两只标本克氏锥虫和人类DNA检测均呈阳性，一只标本克氏锥虫和浣熊DNA检测均呈阳性。本研究结果表明，携带克氏锥虫的锥蝽在俄克拉荷马州广泛分布，阳性锥蝽侵扰房屋和相关建筑，并且该州存在人与媒介、犬与媒介以及野生动物与媒介的接触。
