Yadav Suraj S, Singh Manish K, Hussain Sartaj, Dwivedi Pradeep, Khattri Sanjay, Singh Kuldeep
Department of Pharmacology, KGMU, Lucknow, India.
Department of Biochemistry, GMC, Badaun, India.
Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr. 2023;63(22):5813-5840. doi: 10.1080/10408398.2021.2024792. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Translation of traditional knowledge of herbs into a viable product for clinical use is still an uphill task. Piperine, a pungent alkaloid molecule derived from and possesses diverse pharmacological effects. Traditionally, pepper is used for arthritis, bronchitis, gastritis, diarrhea, snake bite, menstrual pain, fever, and bacterial infections, etc. The anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and immunomodulatory actions of piperine are the possible mechanisms behind its therapeutic potential. Various and experimental studies have shown piperine as a possible promising molecule in coronavirus disease (COVID-19), ebola, and dengue due to its immunomodulatory and antiviral activities. The other important clinical applications of piperine are due to its bio enhancing effect on drugs, by modulating, absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, altering activities of transporters like p-glycoprotein substrates, and modulating drug metabolism by altering the expression of cytochrome P450 or UDP-glucuronosyltransferase enzymes. Piperine attracted clinicians in treating patients with arthritis, metabolic syndrome, diabetes, skin infections, gastric and liver disorders. This review focused on systematic, evidence-based insight into the use of piperine in clinical settings and mechanistic details behind its therapeutic actions. Also, highlights a number of clinical trials of piperine at various stages exploring its clinical application in cancer, neurological, respiratory, and viral disease, etc.
将草药的传统知识转化为可用于临床的可行产品仍然是一项艰巨的任务。胡椒碱是一种从胡椒中提取的辛辣生物碱分子，具有多种药理作用。传统上，胡椒用于治疗关节炎、支气管炎、胃炎、腹泻、蛇咬伤、痛经、发烧和细菌感染等。胡椒碱的抗炎、抗氧化和免疫调节作用是其治疗潜力背后的可能机制。各种临床前和实验研究表明，由于胡椒碱的免疫调节和抗病毒活性，它在冠状病毒病（COVID-19）、埃博拉和登革热方面可能是一种有前景的分子。胡椒碱的其他重要临床应用是由于它对药物具有生物增强作用，可调节胃肠道吸收、改变P-糖蛋白底物等转运蛋白的活性，并通过改变细胞色素P450或尿苷二磷酸葡萄糖醛酸转移酶的表达来调节药物代谢。胡椒碱在治疗关节炎、代谢综合征、糖尿病、皮肤感染、胃部和肝脏疾病患者方面吸引了临床医生的关注。本综述重点对胡椒碱在临床环境中的应用进行系统的、基于证据的深入研究，以及其治疗作用背后的机制细节。此外，还强调了胡椒碱在各个阶段的一些临床试验，探索其在癌症、神经、呼吸和病毒疾病等方面的临床应用。
