Bauer-Kemény Claudia, Kreuter Michael
Pneumologie und Beatmungsmedizin, Thoraxklinik, Universitätsklinikum Heidelberg, Röntgenstraße 1, 69126 Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Deutsches Zentrum für Lungenforschung Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Deutschland.
Pneumologe (Berl). 2022;19(1):49-59. doi: 10.1007/s10405-021-00428-8. Epub 2022 Jan 4.
The use of inhaled psychotropic substances is widespread in our society. In addition to the wide variety of tobacco-containing smoking products, e‑cigarettes, cannabis, sniffing substances, cocaine and heroin are consumed by inhalation. While the harmful effects of most tobacco-containing smoking products on the lungs have been sufficiently researched, there is still a lack of scientifically sound evidence for many other substances consumed by inhalation. In particular, for novel products, such as e‑cigarettes and tobacco heaters, there is a lack of independent standardized data demonstrating reduced health risk as a result of lower exposure to harmful substances. Clear conclusions are also currently not possible for the long-term effects of cannabis use on the lungs and respiratory tract. For the inhaled use of cocaine and heroin, on the other hand, considerable damage to the lungs can be documented, especially in the case of extensive and chronic use.
吸入性精神活性物质在我们的社会中广泛使用。除了种类繁多的含烟草吸烟产品外，电子烟、大麻、嗅吸物质、可卡因和海洛因也通过吸入方式使用。虽然大多数含烟草吸烟产品对肺部的有害影响已得到充分研究，但对于许多其他吸入性物质，仍缺乏科学可靠的证据。特别是对于电子烟和烟草加热装置等新产品，缺乏独立的标准化数据来证明因接触有害物质减少而降低了健康风险。目前对于大麻使用对肺部和呼吸道的长期影响也无法得出明确结论。另一方面，对于可卡因和海洛因的吸入使用，可以证明对肺部有相当大的损害，尤其是在大量和长期使用的情况下。
