Martínez-González Natalia, Atienza Francisco L, Tomás Inés, Balaguer Isabel
Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology, University of Valencia, Valencia, Spain.
Front Psychol. 2021 Dec 24;12:740060. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.740060. eCollection 2021.
Athletes have to face several challenges during the sport season, and one of them could involve dealing with unattainable goals. In these situations, being able to reengage in other goals as a form of goal adjustment and in response to contextual demands is adaptive. According to previous literature, some aspects of the athletes' social context, such as coach-created motivational climates, could encourage more adaptive responses in athletes, and so it is possible that these climates would also promote athletes' goal regulation and goal reengagement. The purpose of this study was twofold: to analyze whether athletes' perception of empowering and disempowering climates were related to their goal reengagement through the mediation of goal motives; and to examine the interaction between the two climates when they predict reengagement through athletes' goal motives. Participants were 414 Spanish university athletes (49.5% male, 50.5% female) who belonged to different university teams, with ages ranging from 17 to 33 years old ( = 20.61, = 2.58). In the sport facilities, all of them completed questionnaires that evaluated their perception of empowering and disempowering climates, their goal motives, and their goal reengagement. Structural equation modeling (SEM) results showed that perceived empowering climate positively predicted autonomous goal motives, which in turn had a positive relationship with goal reengagement. Conversely, perceived disempowering climate positively predicted controlled goal motives, which were not related to goal reengagement. Thus, we only found support for the indirect relationship between perceived empowering climate and goal reengagement through autonomous goal motives. Moderated mediation analyses revealed that interaction effects between perceived empowering and disempowering climates were not significant in the prediction of goal reengagement through goal motives. Findings revealed that the perception of empowering climates promotes athletes' goal reengagement when goals become unattainable via the increase in their autonomous goal motives. Conversely, when athletes perceive disempowering climates, they have more controlled goal motives, which are not related to goal reengagement. In addition, the study supports the need to educate coaches to create more empowering and less disempowering climates.
运动员在赛季中必须面对多项挑战，其中之一可能涉及应对无法实现的目标。在这些情况下，能够重新致力于其他目标，以此作为目标调整的一种形式并响应情境需求，是具有适应性的。根据以往文献，运动员社会环境的某些方面，比如教练营造的动机氛围，可能会鼓励运动员做出更具适应性的反应，所以这些氛围也有可能促进运动员的目标调节和目标重新投入。本研究的目的有两个：分析运动员对增强权能氛围和削弱权能氛围的认知是否通过目标动机的中介作用与他们的目标重新投入相关；以及检验当这两种氛围通过运动员的目标动机预测目标重新投入时，它们之间的相互作用。参与者为414名西班牙大学生运动员（男性占49.5%，女性占50.5%），他们隶属于不同的大学运动队，年龄在17岁至33岁之间（均值 = 20.61，标准差 = 2.58）。在体育设施中，他们所有人都完成了问卷，这些问卷评估了他们对增强权能氛围和削弱权能氛围的认知、他们的目标动机以及他们的目标重新投入。结构方程模型（SEM）结果表明，感知到的增强权能氛围正向预测自主目标动机，而自主目标动机又与目标重新投入呈正相关。相反，感知到的削弱权能氛围正向预测受控目标动机，而受控目标动机与目标重新投入无关。因此，我们仅发现感知到的增强权能氛围与通过自主目标动机实现的目标重新投入之间存在间接关系。调节中介分析表明，在通过目标动机预测目标重新投入时，感知到的增强权能氛围和削弱权能氛围之间的交互效应并不显著。研究结果表明，当目标变得无法实现时，增强权能氛围的感知会通过增加运动员的自主目标动机来促进他们的目标重新投入。相反，当运动员感知到削弱权能氛围时，他们会有更多的受控目标动机，而这与目标重新投入无关。此外，该研究支持有必要教育教练营造更多增强权能且更少削弱权能的氛围。
