Department of Social Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Department of Personality, Evaluation and Psychological Treatment, Faculty of Psychology and Speech Therapy, University of Valencia, 46010 Valencia, Spain.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 28;19(1):289. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010289.
Findings in different contexts suggest that task orientation and ego orientation are related to adaptive and maladaptive motivational patterns, respectively. In sport, these personal dispositions could influence other important variables such as the goals that athletes pursue (and why they pursue them) during the season and their well- and ill-being. The main purpose of this research was to examine the relationship between athletes' dispositional goal orientations, their goal motives, and their reported well-being (subjective vitality) and ill-being (physical and emotional exhaustion). The study involved 414 Spanish university athletes (206 female and 208 male) with an age range of 17 to 33 years ( = 20.61; = 2.58) that completed a package of questionnaires at the beginning of the season. Results of path analysis revealed that athletes' task orientation was negatively associated to physical and emotional exhaustion indirectly through autonomous and controlled goal motives. In contrast, ego orientation was positively related to physical and emotional exhaustion via its link to controlled goal motives. Athletes' task orientation directly and positively predicted subjective vitality, even though goal motives were not significant mediators. These findings support previous evidence about the protective role of athletes' task orientation, in contrast to ego orientation, confirming its positive relationship with well-being and its negative one with ill-being. Additionally, it extends the knowledge regarding interdependencies between goal orientations and goal motives and how both contribute to athletes' optimal or compromised functioning.
研究结果表明，任务取向和自我取向分别与适应性和不良动机模式有关。在运动中，这些个人特质可能会影响运动员在赛季中追求的目标（以及他们追求这些目标的原因）以及他们的身心健康。本研究的主要目的是检验运动员的倾向性目标取向、目标动机与幸福感（主观活力）和不幸福感（身体和情绪疲惫）之间的关系。该研究涉及 414 名西班牙大学生运动员（女性 206 名，男性 208 名），年龄在 17 至 33 岁之间（ = 20.61； = 2.58），他们在赛季开始时完成了一整套问卷。路径分析结果表明，运动员的任务取向与身体和情绪疲惫呈负相关，这种负相关是通过自主和控制目标动机的间接作用产生的。相比之下，自我取向与身体和情绪疲惫呈正相关，这是通过与控制目标动机的联系产生的。运动员的任务取向直接且积极地预测主观活力，尽管目标动机并不是显著的中介因素。这些发现支持了先前关于运动员任务取向的保护作用的证据，与自我取向相反，证实了它与幸福感的积极关系以及与不幸福感的消极关系。此外，它扩展了关于目标取向和目标动机之间相互依存关系的知识，以及它们如何共同促进运动员的最佳或受损功能。
