Cieśla Julia, Tomsia Marcin
School of Medicine in Katowice, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Department of Forensic Medicine and Forensic Toxicology, Medical University of Silesia, Katowice, Poland.
Front Genet. 2021 Dec 22;12:798161. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2021.798161. eCollection 2021.
In the era of growing interest in stem cells, the availability of donors for transplantation has become a problem. The isolation of embryonic and fetal cells raises ethical controversies, and the number of adult donors is deficient. Stem cells isolated from deceased donors, known as cadaveric stem cells (CaSCs), may alleviate this problem. So far, it was possible to isolate from deceased donors mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs), adipose delivered stem cells (ADSCs), neural stem cells (NSCs), retinal progenitor cells (RPCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and hematopoietic stem cells (HSCs). Recent studies have shown that it is possible to collect and use CaSCs from cadavers, even these with an extended postmortem interval (PMI) provided proper storage conditions (like cadaver heparinization or liquid nitrogen storage) are maintained. The presented review summarizes the latest research on CaSCs and their current therapeutic applications. It describes the developments in thanatotranscriptome and scaffolding for cadaver cells, summarizes their potential applications in regenerative medicine, and lists their limitations, such as donor's unknown medical condition in criminal cases, limited differentiation potential, higher risk of carcinogenesis, or changing DNA quality. Finally, the review underlines the need to develop procedures determining the safe CaSCs harvesting and use.
在对干细胞兴趣日益浓厚的时代，移植供体的可获得性已成为一个问题。胚胎和胎儿细胞的分离引发了伦理争议，而成人供体数量不足。从已故供体分离的干细胞，即尸体干细胞（CaSCs），可能会缓解这一问题。到目前为止，已能够从已故供体中分离出间充质干细胞（MSCs）、脂肪来源干细胞（ADSCs）、神经干细胞（NSCs）、视网膜祖细胞（RPCs）、诱导多能干细胞（iPSCs）和造血干细胞（HSCs）。最近的研究表明，即使尸体具有较长的死后间隔时间（PMI），只要保持适当的储存条件（如尸体肝素化或液氮储存），就有可能从尸体中采集和使用CaSCs。本综述总结了关于CaSCs的最新研究及其当前的治疗应用。它描述了尸体转录组和尸体细胞支架的进展，总结了它们在再生医学中的潜在应用，并列出了它们的局限性，如刑事案件中供体未知的医疗状况、有限的分化潜能、更高的致癌风险或DNA质量变化。最后，综述强调了制定确定安全采集和使用CaSCs程序的必要性。
