Abdul-Latiff Muhammad Abu Bakar, Md-Zain Badrul Munir
Department of Biological Sciences and Biotechnology, Faculty of Science and Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. E-mail:
Oasis Integrated Group (OIG), Institute for Integrated Engineering (I2E), Universiti Tun Hussein Onn Malaysia, 86400 Parit Raja, Johor, Malaysia.
Zool Stud. 2021 Oct 8;60:e50. doi: 10.6620/ZS.2021.60-50. eCollection 2021.
The pig-tailed macaque, , which is distributed in Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, Borneo, and Sumatra, has been the subject of unstable and changing taxonomic entity in the group. This species is involved with a human-macaque conflict in Malaysia and at the same time played an important role in the ethnozoological culture of Malaysian. Even so, comprehensive phylogenetic, population genetics and biogeographical analysis of in Malaysia are non-existent after decades of intensive research on the genus itself. Thus, we conducted the first comprehensive genetic study of in Malaysia, based on three mitochondrial loci-Cytochrome (567 bp), D-loop (398 bp), and (577 bp)-from 27 individuals representing Malaysia, plus an additional 26 sequences of Southeast Asian macaques from Genbank. Comparative biogeographical analysis in this study supports the positions of in groups as opposed to the or Sulawesi groups. Results from this study also indicate that Bornean populations are the first extant lineages to separate from the other examined lineages of , , , and in Southeast Asia. Molecular clock analysis suggested that arrived in the Malay Peninsula about 0.32 million years ago (MYA). Our results indicate that the population of pig-tailed macaque from Perak (west Peninsular Malaysia) differs genetically based on all phylogenetic and population genetic analyses. Morphologically, Perak's pig-tailed macaque shows brighter coloration than . Thus, we proposed a new subspecies for Perak's pig-tailed macaque as distributed in the state of Perak, Peninsular Malaysia. This research helps resolve the taxonomic position and population genetics of pig-tailed macaque in Malaysia, which contribute directly to conservation and management of the species in Malaysia.
豚尾猕猴分布于马来西亚半岛、泰国、婆罗洲和苏门答腊，在该类群中一直是分类地位不稳定且不断变化的研究对象。该物种在马来西亚存在人与猕猴的冲突，同时在马来西亚的民族动物学文化中发挥着重要作用。即便如此，在对该属进行了数十年深入研究之后，针对马来西亚豚尾猕猴的全面系统发育、种群遗传学和生物地理学分析仍然缺失。因此，我们基于来自代表马来西亚的27个个体的三个线粒体基因座——细胞色素b（567 bp）、控制区（398 bp）和ND4（577 bp）——以及从Genbank获取的另外26个东南亚猕猴序列，对马来西亚的豚尾猕猴进行了首次全面的遗传学研究。本研究中的比较生物地理学分析支持了豚尾猕猴在猕猴类群中的分类地位，与狮尾猕猴类群或苏拉威西类群不同。本研究结果还表明，婆罗洲种群是现存最早从东南亚豚尾猕猴、食蟹猕猴、普通猕猴和冠毛猕猴的其他被检测谱系中分化出来的谱系。分子钟分析表明，豚尾猕猴大约在32万年前抵达马来半岛。我们的结果表明，基于所有系统发育和种群遗传学分析，霹雳州（马来西亚半岛西部）的豚尾猕猴种群在基因上存在差异。在形态上，霹雳州的豚尾猕猴毛色比其他种群更亮。因此，我们为霹雳州的豚尾猕猴提出了一个新亚种，即分布于马来西亚半岛霹雳州的M. nemestrina perakensis。本研究有助于解决马来西亚豚尾猕猴的分类地位和种群遗传学问题，这将直接有助于马来西亚该物种的保护和管理。
