Private Dental Office in Bialystok, Bialystok 15-773, Poland.
Department of Periodontal and Oral Mucosa Diseases, Medical University of Bialystok, Bialystok 15-276, Poland.
Oxid Med Cell Longev. 2021 Dec 31;2021:6622245. doi: 10.1155/2021/6622245. eCollection 2021.
Cadmium (Cd) is one of the most harmful xenobiotics to which humans are exposed, mainly by the oral route, throughout life. Preventive strategies are searched as low intoxication with this element, among others due to its prooxidative properties, can be deleterious to health and the exposure to it is continuously increasing. Recently, interest has been paid to plant raw materials with a high antioxidative potential to oppose the prooxidative properties of cadmium, such as black chokeberry ( L. fruit), which is rich in polyphenolic compounds. The study was aimed at assessing whether the chokeberry extract may counteract the prooxidative impact of low-level and moderate repeated intoxication with cadmium on the sublingual salivary gland. The investigation was performed on 96 Wistar rats (females), which were treated with a 0.1% aqueous extract from chokeberries or/and a diet containing 1 or 5 mg Cd/kg for 3 and 10 months, and control animals. The intoxication with cadmium, in a dose- and time-dependent manner, attenuated the enzymatic and nonenzymatic antioxidative potential and increased the concentration of hydrogen peroxide and total oxidative status of the sublingual salivary gland resulting in an occurrence of oxidative stress, enhancement of lipid peroxidation, and oxidative injuries of proteins in this salivary gland. The treatment with the black chokeberry extract during the intoxication with cadmium prevented this xenobiotic-caused oxidative/reductive imbalance and oxidative modifications of proteins and lipids in the salivary gland. The above results allow the conclusion that the consumption of black chokeberry products during intoxication with cadmium can prevent oxidative stress and its consequences in the sublingual salivary gland and thus counteract the unfavourable impact of this xenobiotic on the oral cavity.
镉 (Cd) 是人类一生中主要通过口服途径接触到的最有害的外源性化学物质之一。由于其具有促氧化特性，低水平的镉中毒也可能对健康造成危害，而接触镉的情况还在不断增加，因此人们正在寻找预防策略。最近，人们对具有高抗氧化潜力的植物原料产生了兴趣，这些原料可以对抗镉的促氧化特性，如黑穗醋栗（L. 果实），它富含多酚类化合物。本研究旨在评估黑穗醋栗提取物是否可以对抗低水平和中度重复摄入镉对舌下唾液腺的促氧化影响。该研究在 96 只 Wistar 大鼠（雌性）上进行，这些大鼠用 0.1%的黑穗醋栗水提取物或/和含有 1 或 5mg Cd/kg 的饮食处理 3 和 10 个月，并设对照动物。镉的摄入以剂量和时间依赖的方式减弱了酶和非酶抗氧化潜力，增加了过氧化氢浓度和舌下唾液腺的总氧化状态，导致氧化应激的发生，脂质过氧化增强，以及唾液腺中蛋白质的氧化损伤。在镉中毒期间用黑穗醋栗提取物处理可防止这种外源性化学物质引起的氧化/还原失衡以及唾液腺中蛋白质和脂质的氧化修饰。上述结果表明，在摄入镉期间食用黑穗醋栗产品可以预防氧化应激及其在舌下唾液腺中的后果，从而抵消这种外源性化学物质对口腔的不利影响。
