School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations, Ministry of Education, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.
Front Cell Infect Microbiol. 2021 Dec 23;11:716299. doi: 10.3389/fcimb.2021.716299. eCollection 2021.
The mammalian gut microbial community, known as the gut microbiota, comprises trillions of bacteria, which co-evolved with the host and has an important role in a variety of host functions that include nutrient acquisition, metabolism, and immunity development, and more importantly, it plays a critical role in the protection of the host from enteric infections associated with exogenous pathogens or indigenous pathobiont outgrowth that may result from healthy gut microbial community disruption. Microbiota evolves complex mechanisms to restrain pathogen growth, which included nutrient competition, competitive metabolic interactions, niche exclusion, and induction of host immune response, which are collectively termed colonization resistance. On the other hand, pathogens have also developed counterstrategies to expand their population and enhance their virulence to cope with the gut microbiota colonization resistance and cause infection. This review summarizes the available literature on the complex relationship occurring between the intestinal microbiota and enteric pathogens, describing how the gut microbiota can mediate colonization resistance against bacterial enteric infections and how bacterial enteropathogens can overcome this resistance as well as how the understanding of this complex interaction can inform future therapies against infectious diseases.
哺乳动物肠道微生物群落，即肠道微生物群，由数万亿细菌组成，这些细菌与宿主共同进化，并在多种宿主功能中发挥重要作用，包括营养物质获取、代谢和免疫发育等，更重要的是，它在保护宿主免受与外源病原体或内源性条件致病菌过度生长相关的肠道感染方面发挥着关键作用，而这种过度生长可能是由于健康的肠道微生物群落被破坏而引起的。微生物群进化出复杂的机制来抑制病原体的生长，包括营养竞争、竞争代谢相互作用、生态位排斥和诱导宿主免疫反应，这些机制统称为定植抗力。另一方面，病原体也发展出了对抗策略来扩大种群并增强其毒力，以应对肠道微生物群的定植抗性并引发感染。本综述总结了关于肠道微生物群与肠道病原体之间发生的复杂关系的现有文献，描述了肠道微生物群如何介导对细菌性肠道感染的定植抗性，以及细菌性病原体如何克服这种抗性，以及对这种复杂相互作用的理解如何为对抗传染病的未来疗法提供信息。
