Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Department of Microbiology and Plant Pathology, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA; Department of Biochemistry, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, USA.
Cell. 2020 Jun 25;181(7):1533-1546.e13. doi: 10.1016/j.cell.2020.05.036. Epub 2020 Jun 16.
The gut microbiome is the resident microbial community of the gastrointestinal tract. This community is highly diverse, but how microbial diversity confers resistance or susceptibility to intestinal pathogens is poorly understood. Using transplantation of human microbiomes into several animal models of infection, we show that key microbiome species shape the chemical environment of the gut through the activity of the enzyme bile salt hydrolase. The activity of this enzyme reduced colonization by the major human diarrheal pathogen Vibrio cholerae by degrading the bile salt taurocholate that activates the expression of virulence genes. The absence of these functions and species permits increased infection loads on a personal microbiome-specific basis. These findings suggest new targets for individualized preventative strategies of V. cholerae infection through modulating the structure and function of the gut microbiome.
肠道微生物组是胃肠道内的常驻微生物群落。这个群落非常多样化，但微生物多样性如何赋予肠道病原体抗性或易感性还知之甚少。通过将人类微生物组移植到几种感染动物模型中，我们发现关键的微生物组物种通过胆汁盐水解酶的活性来塑造肠道的化学环境。这种酶的活性通过降解激活毒力基因表达的胆汁盐牛磺胆酸钠来减少主要人类腹泻病原体霍乱弧菌的定植。这些功能和物种的缺失使得在个体微生物组特异性的基础上允许增加感染负荷。这些发现为通过调节肠道微生物组的结构和功能来制定霍乱弧菌感染的个体化预防策略提供了新的目标。
