School of Chemical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Tehran, Tehran 11155-4593, Iran.
Leibniz Institute of Polymer Research Dresden, Hohe Straße 6, Dresden D-01069, Germany.
ACS Appl Bio Mater. 2021 May 17;4(5):4049-4070. doi: 10.1021/acsabm.1c00219. Epub 2021 Apr 26.
Regenerative medicine offers the potential to repair or substitute defective tissues by constructing active tissues to address the scarcity and demands for transplantation. The method of forming 3D constructs made up of biomaterials, cells, and biomolecules is called bioprinting. Bioprinting of stem cells provides the ability to reliably recreate tissues, organs, and microenvironments to be used in regenerative medicine. 3D bioprinting is a technique that uses several biomaterials and cells to tailor a structure with clinically relevant geometries and sizes. This technique's promise is demonstrated by 3D bioprinted tissues, including skin, bone, cartilage, and cardiovascular, corneal, hepatic, and adipose tissues. Several bioprinting methods have been combined with stem cells to effectively produce tissue models, including adult stem cells, embryonic stem cells (ESCs), induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs), and differentiation techniques. In this review, technological challenges of printed stem cells using prevalent naturally derived bioinks (e.g., carbohydrate polymers and protein-based polymers, peptides, and decellularized extracellular matrix), recent advancements, leading companies, and clinical trials in the field of 3D bioprinting are delineated.
再生医学通过构建具有活性的组织来修复或替代有缺陷的组织，从而为解决组织移植的短缺和需求提供了可能。利用生物材料、细胞和生物分子形成 3D 构建体的方法称为生物打印。干细胞的生物打印为可靠地重现组织、器官和微环境以用于再生医学提供了能力。3D 生物打印是一种使用多种生物材料和细胞来定制具有临床相关几何形状和尺寸的结构的技术。通过 3D 生物打印组织（包括皮肤、骨骼、软骨和心血管、角膜、肝脏和脂肪组织）证明了该技术的前景。已经将几种生物打印方法与干细胞结合使用，以有效地生产组织模型，包括成体干细胞、胚胎干细胞 (ESC)、诱导多能干细胞 (iPSC) 和分化技术。在这篇综述中，阐述了使用流行的天然衍生生物墨水（例如碳水化合物聚合物和基于蛋白质的聚合物、肽和去细胞外基质）打印干细胞的技术挑战、最新进展、领先公司和 3D 生物打印领域的临床试验。
