Wang Ming-Te, Henry Daphne A, Scanlon Christina L, Del Toro Juan, Voltin Sarah E
Learning Research & Development Center, Department of Psychology, School of Education, University of Pittsburgh.
Department of Counseling, Developmental & Educational Psychology, Boston College.
J Clin Child Adolesc Psychol. 2023 Sep 3;52(5):633-648. doi: 10.1080/15374416.2021.2007487. Epub 2022 Jan 10.
COVID-19 has presented threats to adolescents' psychosocial well-being, especially for those from economically disadvantaged backgrounds. This longitudinal study aimed to identify which social (i.e., family conflict, parental social support, peer social support), emotional (i.e., COVID-19 health-related stress), and physical (i.e., sleep quality, food security) factors influence adolescents' same- and next-day affect and misconduct and whether these factors functioned differently by adolescents' economic status.
Daily-diary approaches were used to collect 12,033 assessments over 29 days from a nationwide sample of American adolescents ( =546; = 15.0; 40% male; 43% Black, 37% White, 10% Latinx, 8% Asian American, and 3% Native American; 61% low-income) at the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic.
Peer support, parent support, and sleep quality operated as promotive factors, whereas parent-child conflict and COVID-19 health-related stress operated as risk factors. Although these links were consistent for adolescents irrespective of economic status, low-income adolescents experienced more conflict with parents, more COVID-19 health-related stress, less peer support, and lower sleep quality than higher-income adolescents. Food insecurity was connected to decreased same- and next-day negative affect for low-income adolescents only. Low-income adolescents also displayed greater negative affect in response to increased daily health-related stress relative to higher-income adolescents.
These results highlight the role of proximal processes in shaping adolescent adjustment and delineate key factors influencing youth psychosocial well-being in the context of COVID-19. By understanding adolescents' responses to stressors at the onset of the pandemic, practitioners and healthcare providers can make evidence-based decisions regarding clinical treatment and intervention planning for youth most at risk for developmental maladjustment.
新冠疫情对青少年的心理社会福祉构成了威胁，尤其是对那些来自经济弱势背景的青少年。这项纵向研究旨在确定哪些社会因素（即家庭冲突、父母的社会支持、同伴的社会支持）、情绪因素（即与新冠疫情健康相关的压力）和身体因素（即睡眠质量、食品安全）会影响青少年当日及次日的情绪和不当行为，以及这些因素在不同经济状况的青少年中是否发挥不同作用。
采用每日日记法，在新冠疫情爆发初期，从美国青少年的全国性样本（n = 546；平均年龄 = 15.0岁；40%为男性；43%为黑人，37%为白人，10%为拉丁裔，8%为亚裔美国人，3%为美国原住民；61%为低收入）中，在29天内收集了12,033份评估数据。
同伴支持、父母支持和睡眠质量起到促进作用，而亲子冲突和与新冠疫情健康相关的压力则起到风险因素的作用。尽管这些关联在不同经济状况的青少年中都是一致的，但低收入青少年与父母的冲突更多，与新冠疫情健康相关的压力更大，同伴支持更少，睡眠质量也比高收入青少年更低。粮食不安全仅与低收入青少年当日及次日的负面影响减少有关。与高收入青少年相比，低收入青少年在面对每日与健康相关的压力增加时，也表现出更大的负面影响。
这些结果凸显了近端过程在塑造青少年适应方面的作用，并明确了在新冠疫情背景下影响青少年心理社会福祉的关键因素。通过了解青少年在疫情爆发初期对压力源的反应，从业者和医疗服务提供者可以就针对发育失调风险最高的青少年的临床治疗和干预计划做出基于证据的决策。
