Sicilia Angelo, Anastasi Umberto, Bizzini Michele, Montemagno Stefania, Nicotra Carmelo, Blangiforti Sebastiano, Spina Alfio, Cosentino Salvatore Luciano, Lo Piero Angela Roberta
Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Catania, Via Santa Sofia 98, 95123 Catania, Italy.
Stazione Consorziale Sperimentale di Granicoltura per la Sicilia, 95041 Caltagirone (CT), Italy.
Plants (Basel). 2022 Jan 4;11(1):130. doi: 10.3390/plants11010130.
Cereal landraces are a very valuable resource in contemporary agriculture. A renewed focus for breeding purposes could ameliorate some negative consequences of modern agriculture and conventional breeding, such as the loss of genetic diversity. One strategy combining molecular genotyping and characterization of morpho-agronomic traits related to productivity is proposed to assess a group of tetraploid wheat landraces named Bufala, historically cultivated in the mountain areas of Sicily and characterized by adaptability in terms of cold tolerance, ability to grow in marginal soils, weed competitiveness and resistance to diseases. A total of 55 SSR molecular markers were used to detect patterns of diversity in 30 rivet and durum wheat genotypes. Furthermore, phenotyping was then conducted for 8 morpho-agronomic traits. Discriminant analysis of principal components (DAPC), STRUCTURE and phylogenetical analysis allowed to identify three groups, two of them genetically close and including both Bufala and Bufala-related rivet landraces. To the third group, old and more recent durum wheat varieties, constituting the outgroup, were assigned. Clustering was confirmed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). Finally, a correlation analysis showed that Bufala genotypes are characterized by lower ear density, major ear length and later earing time compared with the other studied genotypes. The levels of diversity and population structure could be an important contribution to parent selection in tetraploid wheat breeding programs, as well as to germplasm conservation and management.
谷类地方品种是当代农业中非常宝贵的资源。为育种目的重新聚焦可以改善现代农业和传统育种的一些负面后果，比如遗传多样性的丧失。本文提出了一种结合分子基因分型和与生产力相关的形态农艺性状表征的策略，以评估一组名为Bufala的四倍体小麦地方品种，该品种历史上在西西里岛山区种植，具有耐寒适应性、在边际土壤中生长的能力、杂草竞争力和抗病性等特点。总共使用55个SSR分子标记来检测30个硬粒小麦和 durum 小麦基因型的多样性模式。此外，还对8个形态农艺性状进行了表型分析。主成分判别分析（DAPC）、STRUCTURE分析和系统发育分析确定了三个组，其中两组在基因上相近，包括Bufala和与Bufala相关的硬粒小麦地方品种。第三组被分配了构成外类群的古老和较新的 durum 小麦品种。聚类通过主成分分析（PCA）得到证实。最后，相关性分析表明，与其他研究的基因型相比，Bufala基因型的穗密度较低、穗长较长且抽穗时间较晚。多样性水平和群体结构可能对四倍体小麦育种计划中的亲本选择以及种质资源的保护和管理做出重要贡献。
