School of Management, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
School of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology, Wuhan 430205, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 30;19(1):381. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010381.
Medical wastewater originating from hospitals specializing in infectious diseases pose a major risk to human and environmental health during pandemics. However, there have been few systematic studies on the management of this type of wastewater management. The function of the Huoshenshan Hospital as a designated emergency field hospital for the treatment of COVID-19 has provided lessons for the management measures of medical wastewater, mainly including: (1) Modern information technology, management schemes, and related standard systems provided the legislative foundation for emergency management of medical wastewater. (2) The three-tier prevention and control medical wastewater management system ensured the discharged wastewater met water quality standards, especially for the leak-proof sealed collection system of the first tier, and the biological and chemical treatment technology of the second tier. (3) The establishment of an effective three-tier medical wastewater quality monitoring accountability system. This system was particularly relevant for ensuring continuous data monitoring and dynamic analysis of characteristic indicators. (4) Information disclosure by government and public supervision promoted successful implementation of medical wastewater management and control measures. Public questionnaires (n = 212) further confirmed the effectiveness of information disclosure. The results of this study can act as methodological reference for the emergency management of wastewater in designated infectious disease hospitals under similar situations.
医疗机构废水处理的相关研究进展
本研究旨在探讨在 COVID-19 大流行期间，感染病专科医院的医疗废水管理措施。方法：检索中国知网（CNKI）、万方（Wanfang Data）、维普（VIP）和中国生物医学文献数据库（CBM），纳入自建库以来至 2022 年 10 月 1 日关于医疗机构废水处理的相关研究。采用描述性流行病学方法对纳入文献进行分析。结果：共纳入 46 篇文献，其中 19 篇（41.3%）来自中国。83.0%（39/47）的研究聚焦于综合性医院。54.3%（25/46）的研究集中于废水处理设施建设和/或改进。71.7%（33/46）的研究侧重于废水水质监测。97.9%（45/46）的研究采用实验室检测。82.6%（38/46）的研究为描述性研究，6.5%（3/46）为干预性研究，10.9%（5/46）为前瞻性研究。63.0%（29/46）的研究针对废水的病原体污染，22.9%（10/44）针对化学需氧量（COD），13.0%（6/46）针对总余氯。结论：医疗机构废水处理是一个亟待解决的问题，应优先采用多学科研究方法进行全面分析。
废水处理；医院污水；病原体；化学需氧量；总余氯
