Department of Neuroscience, Biomedicine and Movement, University of Verona, 37131 Verona, Italy.
Neuro Muscular Function Research Group, School of Exercise & Sport Sciences, University of Turin, 10143 Turin, Italy.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Dec 30;19(1):385. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010385.
The relative age effect (RAE) concerns those (dis)advantages and outcomes resulting from an interaction between the dates of selection and birthdates. Although this phenomenon is well known in a male context, limited data are available in female sports. Thus, the aim of this study was to quantify the prevalence and magnitude of the RAE in a female Italian context at the professional level in basketball, soccer, and volleyball. A total of 1535 birthdates of elite senior players were analyzed overall and separately between early and late career stages. Chi-square goodness-of-fit tests were applied to investigate the RAE in each sport. An asymmetry in birthdates was observed in all sports (Crammer's V ranged = 0.10-0.12). Players born close to the beginning of the year were 1.62 and 1.61 times more likely to reach first and second Italian divisions of soccer and volleyball, respectively, than those born in the last part of the year. A small over-representation of female athletes born close to the beginning of the year is evident at the senior professional level in all Italian investigated team sports. In soccer, this trend was more evident in the first stage of a senior career.
相对年龄效应（RAE）是指由选拔日期和出生日期之间的相互作用所产生的那些（有利或不利的）优势和结果。虽然这种现象在男性环境中广为人知，但在女性运动中，相关数据有限。因此，本研究的目的是在意大利女性专业篮球、足球和排球环境中，定量评估 RAE 的普遍性和程度。对 1535 名精英高级球员的出生日期进行了总体分析，并分别在职业生涯早期和晚期阶段进行了分析。卡方拟合优度检验用于研究各运动中的 RAE。在所有运动中，都观察到了出生日期的不对称性（Crammer 的 V 值范围为 0.10-0.12）。与一年中最后几个月出生的球员相比，那些在年初出生的球员更有可能进入足球和排球的意大利第一和第二联赛。在所有研究的意大利团队运动中，在高级职业水平上，都明显存在接近年初出生的女性运动员比例过高的现象。在足球中，这种趋势在高级职业生涯的第一阶段更为明显。
