School of Mathematics and Statistics, Changshu Institute of Technology, Changshu 215500, China.
School of Economics, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou 310018, China.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jan 2;19(1):484. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19010484.
The complex relationship between environmental regulation and green technology progress has always been a hot topic of research, especially in developing countries, where the impact of environmental regulation is important. Current research is mainly concerned with the impact of the single environmental regulation on technological progress and lacks study on the diversity of environmental regulations. The main purpose of this paper is to examine the heterogeneity of the effects of different types of environmental regulation on industrial green technology progress. As China's scale of economy and pollution emissions are both large, and the government has also made great efforts in environmental regulation, this paper takes China as the example for analyses. We first use the EBM-GML method to measure the industrial green technology progress of 30 provinces in China from 2000 to 2018, and then apply the panel econometric model and threshold model to empirically investigate the influence of 3 types of environmental regulation. The results show that, first, the impacts of environmental regulation on industrial green technology progress are significantly different; specifically, command-based regulation has no direct significant impact, and autonomous regulation has played a positive role, and market-based regulation's quadratic curve effect is significant, in which the cost-based and investment-based tool presents an inverted U-sharped and U-sharped, respectively. Second, there may be a weak alternative interaction among different types of environmental regulation. Third, a market-based regulatory tool has a threshold effect; with the upgrading of environmental regulation compliance, the effect of a cost-based tool is characterized by "promotion inhibition", and that of an investment-based tool is "inhibition promotion". Finally, the results of regional analysis are basically consistent with those of the national analysis. Based on the study, policy enlightenment is put forward to improve regional industrial green technology progress from the perspective of environmental regulation. This paper can provide a useful analytical framework for studying the relationship between environmental regulation and technological progress in a country, especially in developing countries.
环境规制与绿色技术进步之间的复杂关系一直是研究的热点，尤其是在发展中国家，环境规制的影响尤为重要。目前的研究主要关注单一环境规制对技术进步的影响，而缺乏对环境规制多样性的研究。本文主要目的是检验不同类型的环境规制对工业绿色技术进步的影响的异质性。由于中国的经济规模和污染排放量都很大，政府也在环境规制方面做出了巨大努力，因此本文以中国为例进行分析。首先，我们使用 EBM-GML 方法测算了 2000 年至 2018 年中国 30 个省份的工业绿色技术进步，然后采用面板计量模型和门槛模型实证检验了 3 种环境规制的影响。结果表明：首先，环境规制对工业绿色技术进步的影响存在显著差异；具体而言，命令控制型规制没有直接的显著影响，自主规制发挥了积极作用，市场型规制的二次曲线效应显著，其中成本型和投资型工具分别呈现倒 U 型和 U 型。其次，不同类型的环境规制之间可能存在弱替代关系。再次，市场型规制工具存在门槛效应；随着环境规制合规水平的提高，成本型工具的效果呈现“促进抑制”，投资型工具的效果呈现“抑制促进”。最后，区域分析的结果与全国分析基本一致。基于研究结果，本文从环境规制的角度提出了提高区域工业绿色技术进步的政策启示。本文为研究一国（尤其是发展中国家）环境规制与技术进步之间的关系提供了一个有用的分析框架。
