Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Kreuzstrasse 2, Allschwil, 4123 Basel, Switzerland.
Faculty of Medicine, University of Basel, 4056 Basel, Switzerland.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022 Jun 30;19(13):8078. doi: 10.3390/ijerph19138078.
The health effect of air pollution is rarely quantified in Africa, and this is evident in global systematic reviews and multi-city studies which only includes South Africa.
A time-series analysis was conducted on daily mortality (cardiovascular (CVD) and respiratory diseases (RD)) and air pollution from 2006-2015 for the city of Cape Town. We fitted single- and multi-pollutant models to test the independent effects of particulate matter (PM), nitrogen dioxide (NO), sulphur dioxide (SO) and ozone (O) from co-pollutants.
daily average concentrations per interquartile range (IQR) increase of 16.4 µg/m PM, 10.7 µg/m NO, 6 µg/m SO and 15.6 µg/m O lag 0-1 were positively associated with CVD, with an increased risk of 2.4% (95% CI: 0.9-3.9%), 2.2 (95% CI: 0.4-4.1%), 1.4% (95% CI: 0-2.8%) and 2.5% (95% CI: 0.2-4.8%), respectively. For RD, only NO showed a significant positive association with a 4.5% (95% CI: 1.4-7.6%) increase per IQR. In multi-pollutant models, associations of NO with RD remained unchanged when adjusted for PM and SO but was weakened for O. In CVD, O estimates were insensitive to other pollutants showing an increased risk. Interestingly, CVD and RD lag structures of PM, showed significant acute effect with evidence of mortality displacement.
The findings suggest that air pollution is associated with mortality, and exposure to PM advances the death of frail population.
空气污染对健康的影响在非洲很少被量化，这在全球系统评价和多城市研究中都很明显，这些研究只包括南非。
对 2006-2015 年开普敦市的每日死亡率（心血管疾病（CVD）和呼吸道疾病（RD））和空气污染进行了时间序列分析。我们拟合了单污染物和多污染物模型，以测试颗粒物（PM）、二氧化氮（NO）、二氧化硫（SO）和臭氧（O）的独立效应。
每日平均浓度每增加 16.4 µg/m PM、10.7 µg/m NO、6 µg/m SO 和 15.6 µg/m O 的四分位距（IQR）增加，与 CVD 呈正相关，风险增加 2.4%（95% CI：0.9-3.9%）、2.2%（95% CI：0.4-4.1%）、1.4%（95% CI：0-2.8%）和 2.5%（95% CI：0.2-4.8%）。对于 RD，只有 NO 与 IQR 呈显著正相关，增加 4.5%（95% CI：1.4-7.6%）。在多污染物模型中，当调整 PM 和 SO 时，NO 与 RD 的关联保持不变，但与 O 的关联减弱。在 CVD 中，O 的估计值对其他污染物不敏感，显示出风险增加。有趣的是，PM 的 CVD 和 RD 滞后结构显示出明显的急性效应，并有死亡率转移的证据。
研究结果表明，空气污染与死亡率有关，暴露于 PM 会加速脆弱人群的死亡。
