Leblanc Vicky, Bégin Catherine, Hudon Anne-Marie, Royer Marie-Michelle, Corneau Louise, Dodin Sylvie, Lemieux Simone
Institute of Nutrition and Functional Foods, Laval University, 2440 Hochelaga Boulevard, Québec G1V 0A6, Canada.
Nutr J. 2014 Nov 22;13:107. doi: 10.1186/1475-2891-13-107.
Long-term adherence to principles of the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) following a nutritional intervention promoting the Mediterranean food pattern in Canadian men and women is not known. Moreover, gender differences in dietary and metabolic profile in such an intervention context has never been addressed. Objective was to determine gender differences in long-term effects of a 12-week nutritional intervention program promoting the adoption of the MedDiet and based on the Self-Determination Theory (SDT) on dietary intakes, eating behaviors, anthropometric and metabolic variables, in men and women presenting cardiovascular risk factors.
Sixty-four men and 59 premenopausal women were recruited. The 12-week nutritional program used a motivational interviewing approach and included individual and group sessions. A food frequency questionnaire was administered to evaluate dietary intakes from which a Mediterranean score (Medscore) was derived and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire allowed assessment of eating behaviors. Measurements were performed at baseline and after the 12-week nutritional intervention, and then at 3 and 6-month post intervention.
No gender difference was observed in changes in the Medscore during the nutritional intervention and follow-up. However, the Medscore returned towards baseline values during follow-up in men and women (P < 0.0001). Men reported larger decreases in red and processed meat and larger increases in whole fruit intakes than women (P = 0.03 and P = 0.04, respectively). Men showed a greater decrease in habitual susceptibility to disinhibition than women (P = 0.03). A gender by time interaction was found for waist circumference, i.e. men had lower waist circumference at the end of the intervention as well as at follow-up than at baseline while women's waist circumference decreased in response to the intervention only (P = 0.05). As for metabolic variables, changes observed in total-cholesterol (C) to HDL-C ratio, triglyceride levels and triglycerides to HDL-C ratio were more pronounced in men than in women after the intervention as well as at follow-up (P ≤ 0.03).
Our results indicate that the 12-week nutritional intervention based on the SDT leads to more pronounced beneficial changes in long-term dietary intakes in men than in women and to greater improvements in metabolic profile in men.
Current Controlled Trials NCT01852721.
在一项促进加拿大男性和女性采用地中海饮食模式的营养干预后，长期坚持地中海饮食（MedDiet）原则的情况尚不清楚。此外，在这种干预背景下，饮食和代谢特征的性别差异从未得到探讨。目的是确定一项基于自我决定理论（SDT）、为期12周的促进采用MedDiet的营养干预计划，对有心血管危险因素的男性和女性在饮食摄入、饮食行为、人体测量和代谢变量方面的长期影响的性别差异。
招募了64名男性和59名绝经前女性。为期12周的营养计划采用动机访谈法，包括个体和小组课程。使用食物频率问卷评估饮食摄入情况，从中得出地中海评分（Medscore），并通过三因素饮食问卷评估饮食行为。在基线、12周营养干预后、干预后3个月和6个月进行测量。
在营养干预和随访期间，Medscore的变化未观察到性别差异。然而，在随访期间，男性和女性的Medscore均恢复到基线值（P < 0.0001）。男性报告的红肉和加工肉摄入量减少幅度大于女性，全水果摄入量增加幅度也大于女性（分别为P = 0.03和P = 0.04）。男性在习惯性去抑制易感性方面的下降幅度大于女性（P = 0.03）。腰围存在性别与时间的交互作用，即男性在干预结束时以及随访时的腰围低于基线水平，而女性的腰围仅在干预后下降（P = 0.05）。至于代谢变量，干预后以及随访时，男性的总胆固醇（C）与高密度脂蛋白胆固醇（HDL-C）比值、甘油三酯水平以及甘油三酯与HDL-C比值的变化比女性更为明显（P≤0.03）。
我们的结果表明，基于SDT的12周营养干预对男性长期饮食摄入的有益变化比女性更明显，对男性代谢状况的改善也更大。
当前受控试验NCT01852721。
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