Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, St. Olavs Hospital, Trondheim University Hospital, 7006 Trondheim, Norway.
Department of Public Health and Nursing, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, NTNU, 7089 Trondheim, Norway.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 27;14(1):105. doi: 10.3390/nu14010105.
Women with obesity have increased risk for hyperglycemia during pregnancy, with negative health consequences for mother and child. We aimed to investigate adherence to nutritional recommendations in early pregnancy and to examine associations between early pregnancy dietary intake and late pregnancy glycemia among women with obesity. We included 120 women with pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) ≥30 kg/m who participated in one of two randomized controlled trials. The participants completed a food frequency questionnaire in early pregnancy (gestational weeks 12-22). Fasting and 120 min glucose tolerance after ingestion of 75 g glucose were assessed in late pregnancy (gestational weeks 32-37). About 90% of the participants reported early pregnancy diary intake within the recommendations. Average intakes of vitamin D, iron, and folate were below recommended levels. High intakes of dairy products and protein in early pregnancy were associated with lower fasting glucose in late pregnancy, whereas high intake of bread was associated with lower 120 min glucose. There were no clear associations between single dietary variables and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) diagnosis in late pregnancy. In conclusion, some early pregnancy dietary variables were associated with late pregnancy glycemia. Potential causality of these findings should be investigated in future studies.
肥胖女性在怀孕期间发生高血糖的风险增加，这对母婴的健康都有负面影响。我们旨在调查肥胖女性在孕早期对营养建议的依从性，并研究孕早期饮食摄入与孕晚期血糖之间的关系。我们纳入了 120 名孕前体重指数（BMI）≥30kg/m²的女性，她们参加了两项随机对照试验中的一项。参与者在孕早期（妊娠 12-22 周）完成了一份食物频率问卷。在孕晚期（妊娠 32-37 周）进行了空腹和 75g 葡萄糖摄入后 120 分钟的葡萄糖耐量测试。约 90%的参与者报告了孕早期日记的摄入量符合建议。维生素 D、铁和叶酸的平均摄入量低于推荐水平。孕早期摄入大量乳制品和蛋白质与孕晚期空腹血糖降低有关，而摄入大量面包则与 120 分钟葡萄糖降低有关。孕晚期饮食变量与妊娠期糖尿病（GDM）诊断之间没有明确的关联。总之，一些孕早期饮食变量与孕晚期血糖有关。未来的研究应该调查这些发现的潜在因果关系。
