Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medical Sciences in Zabrze, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland.
Department of Pediatric and Adolescent Endocrinology, Chair of Pediatrics, Jagiellonian University Medical College, 31-000 Krakow, Poland.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 29;14(1):156. doi: 10.3390/nu14010156.
Home isolation during the coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic lockdown strongly impacted everyday life, affecting, in particular, eating habits and everyday activity. The aim of this study was to analyze the impact of the pandemic on behaviors and subsequent changes in body mass index (BMI) in children from Southern Poland.
The study included 206 participants (104 females and 102 males) with a complete analysis of 177 participants (96 females and 81 males) with a mean age of 12.8 ± 2.6 years admitted to three pediatric endocrinology clinics (Rzeszów, Kraków, and Katowice) due to simple obesity, type 1 diabetes mellitus, somatotropin pituitary deficiency on growth hormone replacement therapy, and other endocrine and metabolic disorders between June and September 2020. The study used a self-prepared questionnaire regarding eating habits, physical activity, screen time, and sleep before and during the lockdown. Anthropometric measurements were performed under clinical settings twice (before the pandemic in January-March 2020, and in June-September 2020).
During the lockdown, BMI z-scores increased over the whole group, especially in obese children (0.073 ± 0.18, = 0.002). The number of children who declared low and high physical activity of more than 60 min per day declined from 41.2% and 18.6% to 31.1% and 6.2% ( = 0.03 and < 0.001), respectively; sleep times over 8 h increased (46.9% vs. 60.4% = 0.007); screen times over 5 h daily increased (14.7% to 46.9%, < 0.001). Eating habits did not change significantly.
Daily physical activity and sleep levels were affected by the pandemic leading to the increase of BMI, especially in obese patients with endocrine disorders. During the COVID-19 pandemic, forward-thinking strategies must be developed to prevent childhood obesity.
2019 年冠状病毒（COVID-19）大流行封锁期间的家庭隔离对日常生活产生了强烈影响，尤其影响了饮食习惯和日常活动。本研究旨在分析大流行对波兰南部儿童行为的影响，以及随后对体重指数（BMI）的影响。
该研究纳入了 206 名参与者（104 名女性和 102 名男性），其中对 177 名参与者（96 名女性和 81 名男性）进行了完整分析，这些参与者的平均年龄为 12.8 ± 2.6 岁，他们因单纯性肥胖、1 型糖尿病、生长激素替代治疗的垂体生长激素缺乏症，以及内分泌和代谢紊乱等原因，于 2020 年 6 月至 9 月在三家儿科内分泌科诊所（热舒夫、克拉科夫和卡托维兹）就诊。研究使用了一份自行编制的问卷，调查了参与者在封锁前后的饮食习惯、身体活动、屏幕时间和睡眠情况。在临床环境下对参与者进行了两次人体测量（大流行前的 2020 年 1 月至 3 月，以及 2020 年 6 月至 9 月）。
在整个研究组中，参与者的 BMI 得分在封锁期间有所增加，尤其是肥胖儿童的 BMI 得分（0.073 ± 0.18， = 0.002）。每天报告身体活动量超过 60 分钟的儿童人数从 41.2%和 18.6%分别下降到 31.1%和 6.2%（ = 0.03 和 < 0.001）；睡眠时间超过 8 小时的比例从 46.9%增加到 60.4%（ = 0.007）；每天屏幕时间超过 5 小时的比例从 14.7%增加到 46.9%（ < 0.001）。饮食习惯没有明显变化。
大流行影响了日常身体活动和睡眠时间，导致 BMI 增加，尤其是患有内分泌紊乱的肥胖患者。在 COVID-19 大流行期间，必须制定前瞻性战略来预防儿童肥胖。
