Institute for Nutritional Medicine, School of Medicine, Technical University of Munich, 80992 Munich, Germany.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 30;14(1):169. doi: 10.3390/nu14010169.
Obesity caused by a positive energy balance is a serious health burden. Studies have shown that obesity is the major risk factor for many diseases like type 2 diabetes mellitus, coronary heart diseases, or various types of cancer. Therefore, the prevention and treatment of increased body weight are key. Different evidence-based treatment approaches considering weight history, body mass index (BMI) category, and co-morbidities are available: lifestyle intervention, formula diet, drugs, and bariatric surgery. For all treatment approaches, behaviour change techniques, reduction in energy intake, and increasing energy expenditure are required. Self-monitoring of diet and physical activity provides an effective behaviour change technique for weight management. Digital tools increase engagement rates for self-monitoring and have the potential to improve weight management. The objective of this narrative review is to summarize current available treatment approaches for obesity, to provide a selective overview of nutrition trends, and to give a scientific viewpoint for various nutrition concepts for weight loss.
由能量正平衡引起的肥胖是一个严重的健康负担。研究表明，肥胖是许多疾病的主要危险因素，如 2 型糖尿病、冠心病或各种癌症。因此，预防和治疗体重增加是关键。根据体重史、体重指数（BMI）类别和合并症，有不同的循证治疗方法可用：生活方式干预、配方饮食、药物和减肥手术。对于所有的治疗方法，都需要改变行为的技术、减少能量摄入和增加能量消耗。饮食和身体活动的自我监测为体重管理提供了一种有效的行为改变技术。数字工具提高了自我监测的参与率，并有潜力改善体重管理。本叙述性综述的目的是总结目前肥胖的治疗方法，选择性地概述营养趋势，并为各种减肥营养概念提供科学观点。
