College of Landscape and Tourism, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843, USA.
Nutrients. 2021 Dec 31;14(1):194. doi: 10.3390/nu14010194.
This scoping review aimed to identify current evidence and gaps in the field of long-term space nutrition. Specifically, the review targeted critical nutritional needs during long-term manned missions in outer space in addition to the essential components of a sustainable space nutrition system for meeting these needs. The search phrase "space food and the survival of astronauts in long-term missions" was used to collect the initial 5432 articles from seven Chinese and seven English databases. From these articles, two independent reviewers screened titles and abstracts to identify 218 articles for full-text reviews based on three themes and 18 keyword combinations as eligibility criteria. The results suggest that it is possible to address short-term adverse environmental factors and nutritional deficiencies by adopting effective dietary measures, selecting the right types of foods and supplements, and engaging in specific sustainable food production and eating practices. However, to support self-sufficiency during long-term space exploration, the most optimal and sustainable space nutrition systems are likely to be supported primarily by fresh food production, natural unprocessed foods as diets, nutrient recycling of food scraps and cultivation systems, and the establishment of closed-loop biospheres or landscape-based space habitats as long-term life support systems.
本范围综述旨在确定长期空间营养领域的现有证据和空白。具体而言，该综述针对长期载人航天任务期间的关键营养需求，以及满足这些需求的可持续空间营养系统的基本组成部分。使用“太空食品和长期任务中宇航员的生存”这一搜索短语从七个中文和七个英文数据库中收集了最初的 5432 篇文章。从这些文章中，两名独立评审员根据三个主题和 18 个关键词组合作为入选标准，筛选标题和摘要，确定了 218 篇全文综述文章。结果表明，可以通过采取有效的饮食措施、选择合适的食物和补充剂，以及进行特定的可持续食物生产和食用实践，来解决短期的不利环境因素和营养不足问题。然而，要在长期的太空探索中支持自给自足，最优化和可持续的空间营养系统可能主要依赖于新鲜食物的生产、天然未经加工的食物作为饮食、食物残渣和种植系统的营养回收，以及建立闭环生物圈或基于景观的太空栖息地作为长期生命支持系统。
