Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, 881 Madison Avenue, Memphis, TN 38163, USA.
Department of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota, 205 VSB, 1971 Commonwealth Avenue, Saint Paul, MN 55108, USA.
Molecules. 2022 Jan 5;27(1):322. doi: 10.3390/molecules27010322.
Rose bengal has been used in the diagnosis of ophthalmic disorders and liver function, and has been studied for the treatment of solid tumor cancers. To date, the antibacterial activity of rose bengal has been sporadically reported; however, these data have been generated with a commercial grade of rose bengal, which contains major uncontrolled impurities generated by the manufacturing process (80-95% dye content). A high-purity form of rose bengal formulation (HP-RBf, >99.5% dye content) kills a battery of Gram-positive bacteria, including drug-resistant strains at low concentrations (0.01-3.13 μg/mL) under fluorescent, LED, and natural light in a few minutes. Significantly, HP-RBf effectively eradicates Gram-positive bacterial biofilms. The frequency that Gram-positive bacteria spontaneously developed resistance to HP-RB is extremely low (less than 1 × 10). Toxicity data obtained through our research programs indicate that HP-RB is feasible as an anti-infective drug for the treatment of skin and soft tissue infections (SSTIs) involving multidrug-resistant (MDR) microbial invasion of the skin, and for eradicating biofilms. This article summarizes the antibacterial activity of pharmaceutical-grade rose bengal, HP-RB, against Gram-positive bacteria, its cytotoxicity against skin cells under illumination conditions, and mechanistic insights into rose bengal's bactericidal activity under dark conditions.
玫瑰红 Bengal 已被用于眼科疾病和肝功能的诊断，并被研究用于治疗实体瘤癌症。迄今为止，玫瑰红 Bengal 的抗菌活性仅偶有报道；然而，这些数据是使用商业级别的玫瑰红 Bengal 生成的，其中包含由制造工艺产生的主要不可控杂质（80-95%染料含量）。高纯度的玫瑰红 Bengal 制剂（HP-RBf，>99.5%染料含量）可在荧光、LED 和自然光下，在几分钟内以低浓度（0.01-3.13μg/mL）杀死一系列革兰氏阳性菌，包括耐药菌株。重要的是，HP-RBf 可有效消除革兰氏阳性菌生物膜。革兰氏阳性菌自发对 HP-RB 产生耐药性的频率极低（<1×10）。通过我们的研究计划获得的毒性数据表明，HP-RB 可作为一种抗感染药物，用于治疗涉及皮肤多药耐药（MDR）微生物入侵的皮肤和软组织感染（SSTIs），并可消除生物膜。本文总结了药用级玫瑰红 Bengal（HP-RB）对革兰氏阳性菌的抗菌活性、其在光照条件下对皮肤细胞的细胞毒性，以及黑暗条件下玫瑰红 Bengal 杀菌活性的机制见解。
