Intercollegiate Faculty of Biotechnology, University of Gdansk and Medical University of Gdansk, Gdańsk, Poland.
Department of Epidemiology and Clinical Microbiology, National Medicines Institute, Warsaw, Poland.
Microbiol Spectr. 2023 Jun 15;11(3):e0459822. doi: 10.1128/spectrum.04598-22. Epub 2023 May 4.
We characterized the population of Staphylococcus aureus from patients with atopic dermatitis (AD) in terms of (i) genetic diversity, (ii) presence and functionality of genes encoding important virulence factors: staphylococcal enterotoxins (, , , ), toxic shock syndrome 1 toxin (-1), and Panton-Valentine leukocidin (/-) by spa typing, PCR, drug resistance profile determination, and Western blot. We then subjected the studied population of S. aureus to photoinactivation based on a light-activated compound called rose bengal (RB) to verify photoinactivation as an approach to effectively kill toxin-producing S. aureus. We have obtained 43 different types that can be grouped into 12 clusters, indicating for the first-time clonal complex (CC) 7 as the most widespread. A total of 65% of the tested isolates had at least one gene encoding the tested virulence factor, but their distribution differed between the group of children and adults, and between patients with AD and the control group without atopy. We detected a 3.5% frequency of methicillin-resistant strains (MRSA) and no other multidrug resistance. Despite genetic diversity and production of various toxins, all isolates tested were effectively photoinactivated (bacterial cell viability reduction ≥ 3 log units) under safe conditions for the human keratinocyte cell line, which indicates that photoinactivation can be a good option in skin decolonization. Staphylococcus aureus massively colonizes the skin of patients with atopic dermatitis (AD). It is worth noting that the frequency of detection of multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) in AD patients is higher than the healthy population, which makes treatment much more difficult. Information about the specific genetic background of S. aureus accompanying and/or causing exacerbations of AD is of great importance from the point of view of epidemiological investigations and the development of possible treatment options.
我们从特应性皮炎（AD）患者中分离出金黄色葡萄球菌（S. aureus），对其进行了以下特征分析：（i）遗传多样性，（ii）通过 spa 分型、PCR、耐药谱测定和 Western blot 分析，鉴定编码重要毒力因子的基因（葡萄球菌肠毒素[SEs]、、、、，中毒性休克综合征 1 毒素[-1]和杀白细胞素 Panton-Valentine [PVL]/-）的存在和功能。然后，我们用一种叫做玫瑰红（RB）的光激活化合物对研究的金黄色葡萄球菌进行光灭活，以验证光灭活作为一种有效杀死产毒金黄色葡萄球菌的方法。我们得到了 43 种不同的 spa 型，可以分为 12 个簇，这表明首次发现克隆复合体（CC）7 是最广泛的。在测试的金黄色葡萄球菌分离株中，共有 65%至少携带一种编码上述测试毒力因子的基因，但它们在儿童和成人组之间、AD 患者和非特应性对照组之间的分布不同。我们检测到 3.5%的耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）和其他多药耐药性。尽管存在遗传多样性和各种毒素的产生，但在对人角质形成细胞系安全的条件下，所有测试的分离株均被有效光灭活（细菌细胞活力降低≥3 个对数单位），这表明光灭活可能是皮肤去定植的一个很好的选择。金黄色葡萄球菌大量定植于特应性皮炎（AD）患者的皮肤。值得注意的是，AD 患者中耐多药金黄色葡萄球菌（MRSA）的检出率高于健康人群，这使得治疗更加困难。从流行病学调查和可能治疗方案的开发的角度来看，金黄色葡萄球菌伴随和/或引起 AD 加重的特定遗传背景的信息非常重要。
