Department of Cardiology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts; Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.
Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts; Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.
Am J Prev Med. 2022 Apr;62(4):586-595. doi: 10.1016/j.amepre.2021.11.010. Epub 2022 Jan 7.
Ideal cardiovascular health is present in <50% of children and <1% of adults, yet its prevalence from adolescence through adulthood has not been fully evaluated. This study characterizes the association of age with ideal cardiovascular health and compares these associations across sex, race/ethnicity, and SES subgroups.
This study, conducted in 2020, analyzed adolescents and adults aged 12-79 years from the cross-sectional National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2005-2016 (N=38,706). Polynomial models were used to model the association of age with ideal cardiovascular health, defined using the American Heart Association's Life's Simple 7 criteria (scales 0-14, with higher values indicating better cardiovascular health).
Mean cardiovascular health was lower with increasing age, starting in early adolescence and dropping to a nadir by age 60 years before stabilizing. At age 20 years, only 45% of adults had ideal cardiovascular health (≥5 ideal cardiovascular health metrics), and >50% of adults had poor cardiovascular health (≤2 ideal cardiovascular health metrics) at age 53 years. Women had higher mean cardiovascular health than men in early life but lower mean cardiovascular health from age 60 years onward. Mean cardiovascular health scores were highest for non-Hispanic White and higher-income adults and lowest for non-Hispanic Black and low-income adults across all ages. Mean cardiovascular health scores fell from intermediate to poor levels approximately 30 years earlier for non-Hispanic Black than for non-Hispanic White adults and approximately 35 years earlier for low-income adults than in higher-income adults.
Cardiovascular health scores are lower with increasing age from early adolescence through adulthood. Race/ethnicity and income disparities in cardiovascular health are observed at young ages and are more profound at older ages.
理想的心血管健康状况在<50%的儿童和<1%的成年人中存在，但从青春期到成年期的这种流行程度尚未得到充分评估。本研究描述了年龄与理想心血管健康之间的关系，并比较了不同性别、种族/民族和 SES 亚组之间的这些关系。
本研究于 2020 年进行，分析了来自横断面 2005-2016 年全国健康和营养检查调查（N=38706）的 12-79 岁青少年和成年人。使用多项式模型来模拟理想心血管健康与年龄的关系，定义使用美国心脏协会的生命简单 7 项标准（范围 0-14，值越高表示心血管健康状况越好）。
随着年龄的增长，心血管健康状况逐渐下降，从青少年早期开始下降，到 60 岁时降至最低点，然后稳定下来。在 20 岁时，只有 45%的成年人具有理想的心血管健康状况（≥5 项理想心血管健康指标），而在 53 岁时，超过 50%的成年人的心血管健康状况不佳（≤2 项理想心血管健康指标）。女性在生命早期的心血管健康状况优于男性，但从 60 岁以后，女性的心血管健康状况低于男性。在所有年龄段，非西班牙裔白人和高收入成年人的平均心血管健康评分最高，而非西班牙裔黑人和低收入成年人的平均心血管健康评分最低。非西班牙裔黑人的心血管健康评分从中间水平降至较差水平的年龄比非西班牙裔白人早约 30 年，而低收入成年人比高收入成年人早约 35 年。
从青少年到成年，心血管健康评分随着年龄的增长而降低。在年轻时就观察到心血管健康方面的种族/民族和收入差距，并且在年龄较大时更加明显。
