Queen's University, Kingston, Canada.
University of British Columbia, Vancouver, Canada.
Sci Rep. 2022 Jan 10;12(1):441. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-04211-w.
Most listeners possess sophisticated knowledge about the music around them without being aware of it or its intricacies. Previous research shows that we develop such knowledge through exposure. This knowledge can then be assessed using behavioral and neurophysiological measures. It remains unknown however, which neurophysiological measures accompany the development of musical long-term knowledge. In this series of experiments, we first identified a potential ERP marker of musical long-term knowledge by comparing EEG activity following musically unexpected and expected tones within the context of known music (n = 30). We then validated the marker by showing that it does not differentiate between such tones within the context of unknown music (n = 34). In a third experiment, we exposed participants to unknown music (n = 40) and compared EEG data before and after exposure to explore effects of time. Although listeners' behavior indicated musical long-term knowledge, we did not find any effects of time on the ERP marker. Instead, the relationship between behavioral and EEG data suggests musical long-term knowledge may have formed before we could confirm its presence through behavioral measures. Listeners are thus not only knowledgeable about music but seem to also be incredibly fast music learners.
大多数听众在没有意识到或了解其复杂性的情况下，对周围的音乐拥有复杂的知识。先前的研究表明，我们通过接触来发展这种知识。然后可以使用行为和神经生理测量来评估这种知识。然而，尚不清楚伴随音乐长期知识发展的是哪些神经生理测量。在这一系列实验中，我们首先通过比较已知音乐背景下音乐意外和预期音后的 EEG 活动（n=30），确定了音乐长期知识的潜在 ERP 标志物。然后，我们通过证明该标志物在未知音乐背景下不能区分此类音，验证了该标志物（n=34）。在第三个实验中，我们让参与者接触未知音乐（n=40），并比较暴露前后的 EEG 数据，以探索时间的影响。尽管听众的行为表明他们具有音乐长期知识，但我们没有发现时间对 ERP 标志物的任何影响。相反，行为和 EEG 数据之间的关系表明，音乐长期知识可能在我们通过行为测量确认其存在之前就已经形成。因此，听众不仅对音乐有深入的了解，而且似乎也是非常快速的音乐学习者。
