Public Health Department, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
Medical Department, Medecins Sans Frontieres, Tripoli, Libya.
BMJ Open. 2022 Jan 11;12(1):e053661. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-053661.
This study will contribute to the systematic epidemiological description of morbidities among migrants, refugees and asylum seekers when crossing the Mediterranean Sea.
Since 2015, Médecins sans Frontières (MSF) has conducted search and rescue activities on the Mediterranean Sea to save lives, provide medical services, to witness and to speak out.
Between November 2016 and December 2019, MSF rescued 22 966 migrants, refugees and asylum seekers.
We conducted retrospective data analysis of data collected between January 2016 and December 2019 as part of routine monitoring of the MSF's healthcare services for migrants, refugees and asylum seekers on two search and rescue vessels.
MSF conducted 12 438 outpatient consultations and 853 sexual and reproductive health consultations (24.9% of female population, 853/3420) and documented 287 consultations for sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV). The most frequently diagnosed health conditions among children aged 5 years or older and adults were skin conditions (30.6%, 5475/17 869), motion sickness (28.6%, 5116/17 869), headache (15.4%, 2 748/17 869) and acute injuries (5.7%, 1013/17 869). Of acute injuries, 44.7% were non-violence-related injuries (453/1013), 30.1% were fuel burns (297/1013) and 25.4% were violence-related injuries (257/1013).
The limited testing and diagnostics capacity of the outpatient department, space limitations, stigma and the generally short length of stay of migrants, refugees and asylum seekers on the ships have likely led to an underestimation of morbidities, including mental health conditions and SGBV. The main diagnoses on board were directly related to journey on land and sea and stay in Libya. We conclude that this population may be relatively young and healthy but displays significant journey-related illnesses and includes migrants, refugees and asylum seekers who have suffered significant violence during their transit and need urgent access to essential services and protection in a place of safety on land.
本研究将有助于对穿越地中海的移民、难民和寻求庇护者的发病率进行系统的流行病学描述。
自 2015 年以来，无国界医生组织（MSF）一直在地中海开展搜救活动，以拯救生命、提供医疗服务、见证和发声。
2016 年 11 月至 2019 年 12 月期间，无国界医生组织共营救了 22966 名移民、难民和寻求庇护者。
我们对 2016 年 1 月至 2019 年 12 月期间作为无国界医生组织对两艘搜救船上的移民、难民和寻求庇护者的医疗服务进行常规监测所收集数据进行了回顾性数据分析。
无国界医生组织共进行了 12438 次门诊咨询和 853 次性与生殖健康咨询（占女性人口的 24.9%，853/3420），并记录了 287 次性与性别暴力咨询（SGBV）。5 岁及以上儿童和成年人中最常见的诊断健康状况是皮肤疾病（30.6%，5475/17869）、晕动病（28.6%，5116/17869）、头痛（15.4%，2748/17869）和急性损伤（5.7%，1013/17869）。在急性损伤中，44.7%是非暴力相关损伤（453/1013），30.1%是燃料烧伤（297/1013），25.4%是暴力相关损伤（257/1013）。
门诊部门的有限检测和诊断能力、空间限制、污名化以及移民、难民和寻求庇护者在船上的停留时间通常较短，这可能导致发病率被低估，包括心理健康状况和性与性别暴力。船上的主要诊断与陆地和海上的旅程以及在利比亚的停留直接相关。我们得出的结论是，这一人群可能相对年轻和健康，但表现出明显的与旅程相关的疾病，包括在过境期间遭受严重暴力的移民、难民和寻求庇护者，他们需要在安全的地方紧急获得基本服务和保护。
