Facultad de Ingeniería Agronómica, Universidad Técnica de Manabí, Manabí, Ecuador.
Mars La Chola MLCH C.L, Guayas, Ecuador.
PeerJ. 2022 Jan 5;10:e12676. doi: 10.7717/peerj.12676. eCollection 2022.
Many decades of improvement in cacao have aided to obtain cultivars with characteristics of tolerance to diseases, adaptability to different edaphoclimatic conditions, and higher yields. In Ecuador, as a result of several breeding programs, the clone CCN 51 was obtained, which gradually expanded through the cacao-production regions of Ecuador, Colombia, Brazil and Peru. Recognized for its high yield and adaptability to different regions and environments, it has become one of the most popular clones for breeding programs and cultivation around the world. This review aims to summarize the current evidence on the origin, genetics, morphological, volatile compounds, and organoleptic characteristics of this clone. Physiological evidence, production dynamics, and floral biology are also included to explain the high yield of CCN 51. Thus, characteristics such as osmotic adjustment, long pollen longevity, and fruit formation are further discussed and associated with high production at the end of the dry period. Finally, the impact of this popular clone on the current and future cacao industry will be discussed highlighting the major challenges for flavor enhancement and its relevance as a platform for the identification of novel genetic markers for cultivar improvement in breeding programs.
几十年来，可可品种的改良帮助培育出了具有抗病性、适应不同土壤和气候条件以及更高产量的品种。在厄瓜多尔，由于几个选育计划，CCN 51 克隆品系被培育出来，并逐渐在厄瓜多尔、哥伦比亚、巴西和秘鲁的可可种植区中得到推广。由于其高产和适应不同地区和环境的特性，它已成为全球最受欢迎的选育计划和种植克隆品系之一。本综述旨在总结该克隆品系的起源、遗传学、形态学、挥发性化合物和感官特性的现有证据。还包括生理证据、生产动态和花生物学，以解释 CCN 51 的高产原因。因此，进一步讨论了渗透调节、花粉寿命长和果实形成等特征，并将其与旱季末期高产量相关联。最后，讨论了这个流行克隆品系对当前和未来可可产业的影响，强调了提高风味的主要挑战及其作为鉴定新的遗传标记以改善选育计划中品种的平台的重要性。
