Lazo Joaquín, Aguirre Gerson, Watts David
Department of Electrical Engineering, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Macul, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
Escuela Iberoamericana de Regulación Eléctrica EIRE-UC, Vicuña Mackenna 4860, Santiago, 7820436, Chile.
Renew Sustain Energy Rev. 2022 Apr;158:112135. doi: 10.1016/j.rser.2022.112135. Epub 2022 Jan 13.
To stop the spread of COVID-19, governments have implemented confinement measures unprecedented in modern society. One of the main consequences has been the paralysis of commercial and industrial sectors worldwide, primary electricity consumers. This paper examines the impact of these measures on the electricity sector through a literature review accompanied by fieldwork on the impact of COVID-19 in Ibero-America and its energy regulatory response. First, we will review the causes of the reduction in electricity demand due to the confinement measures and their technical and financial consequences in the electricity sector. Second, we will examine the impact of COVID-19 on the wind and solar PV energy sectors, mainly affected by the paralysis of production and export of materials and components. Third, we will revise the regulatory measures implemented by the countries to avoid the interruption of electricity supply to households. This paper will end by reviewing economic recovery plans and their relationship to the energy transition. Although there are no fundamental differences between developed and developing countries in their regulatory reaction to this crisis in the energy sector, there are significant differences in economic recovery planning. While developed countries aim for a green economic recovery and the creation of green jobs, developing countries are allocating least resources to social protection and general economic stimulus programs, postponing climate objectives. In Latin America, this adds to the high levels of debt faced by utilities and the possible resurgence of social crises that were stopped by the COVID-19 outbreak, making a green recovery even more difficult.
为阻止新冠病毒的传播，各国政府实施了现代社会前所未有的限制措施。其中一个主要后果是全球商业和工业部门陷入瘫痪，而这些部门是主要的电力消费者。本文通过文献综述并结合对新冠疫情在伊比利亚美洲的影响及其能源监管应对措施的实地调查，研究了这些措施对电力部门的影响。首先，我们将回顾因限制措施导致电力需求下降的原因及其在电力部门的技术和财务后果。其次，我们将研究新冠疫情对风能和太阳能光伏能源部门的影响，这些部门主要受到材料和零部件生产及出口瘫痪的影响。第三，我们将审视各国为避免家庭停电而实施的监管措施。本文将通过回顾经济复苏计划及其与能源转型的关系来结束。尽管发达国家和发展中国家在能源部门对这场危机的监管反应上没有根本差异，但在经济复苏计划方面存在显著差异。发达国家旨在实现绿色经济复苏并创造绿色就业机会，而发展中国家则将最少的资源分配给社会保护和一般经济刺激计划，同时推迟气候目标。在拉丁美洲，这加剧了公用事业公司面临的高额债务，以及被新冠疫情爆发遏制的社会危机可能卷土重来，使得绿色复苏更加困难。
