Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Foundation for Research and Technology-Hellas, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, 70013 Heraklion, Crete, Greece.
Cells. 2022 Jan 9;11(2):214. doi: 10.3390/cells11020214.
One-carbon metabolism (OCM) is a network of biochemical reactions delivering one-carbon units to various biosynthetic pathways. The folate cycle and methionine cycle are the two key modules of this network that regulate purine and thymidine synthesis, amino acid homeostasis, and epigenetic mechanisms. Intersection with the transsulfuration pathway supports glutathione production and regulation of the cellular redox state. Dietary intake of micronutrients, such as folates and amino acids, directly contributes to OCM, thereby adapting the cellular metabolic state to environmental inputs. The contribution of OCM to cellular proliferation during development and in adult proliferative tissues is well established. Nevertheless, accumulating evidence reveals the pivotal role of OCM in cellular homeostasis of non-proliferative tissues and in coordination of signaling cascades that regulate energy homeostasis and longevity. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on OCM and related pathways and discuss how this metabolic network may impact longevity and neurodegeneration across species.
一碳代谢（OCM）是一个生化反应网络，向各种生物合成途径提供一碳单位。叶酸循环和蛋氨酸循环是该网络的两个关键模块，它们调节嘌呤和胸苷合成、氨基酸稳态和表观遗传机制。与转硫途径的交叉支持谷胱甘肽的产生和细胞氧化还原状态的调节。微营养素（如叶酸和氨基酸）的饮食摄入直接有助于 OCM，从而使细胞代谢状态适应环境输入。OCM 对发育过程中和成年增殖组织中细胞增殖的贡献已得到充分证实。然而，越来越多的证据表明 OCM 在非增殖组织的细胞稳态和协调调节能量稳态和长寿的信号级联中起着关键作用。在这篇综述中，我们总结了 OCM 及相关途径的最新知识，并讨论了这个代谢网络如何影响不同物种的寿命和神经退行性变。
