Nettersheim Felix Sebastian, Picard Felix Simon Ruben, Hoyer Friedrich Felix, Winkels Holger
Department of Cardiology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC), University of Cologne, Cologne, Germany.
Front Cardiovasc Med. 2022 Jan 13;8:812702. doi: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.812702. eCollection 2021.
The development and clinical approval of immunotherapies has revolutionized cancer therapy. Although the role of adaptive immunity in atherogenesis is now well-established and several immunomodulatory strategies have proven beneficial in preclinical studies, anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies available for clinical application are not available. Considering that adaptive immune responses are critically involved in both carcinogenesis and atherogenesis, immunotherapeutic approaches for the treatment of cancer and atherosclerosis may exert undesirable but also desirable side effects on the other condition, respectively. For example, the high antineoplastic efficacy of immune checkpoint inhibitors, which enhance effector immune responses against tumor cells by blocking co-inhibitory molecules, was recently shown to be constrained by substantial proatherogenic properties. In this review, we outline the specific role of immune responses in the development of cancer and atherosclerosis. Furthermore, we delineate how current cancer immunotherapies affect atherogenesis and discuss whether anti-atherosclerotic immunotherapies may similarly have an impact on carcinogenesis.
免疫疗法的发展和临床批准彻底改变了癌症治疗。尽管适应性免疫在动脉粥样硬化发生中的作用现已得到充分证实，并且几种免疫调节策略在临床前研究中已被证明是有益的，但尚无可用于临床应用的抗动脉粥样硬化免疫疗法。鉴于适应性免疫反应在致癌作用和动脉粥样硬化发生中都起着关键作用，用于治疗癌症和动脉粥样硬化的免疫治疗方法可能分别对另一种疾病产生不良但也有益的副作用。例如，免疫检查点抑制剂通过阻断共抑制分子增强针对肿瘤细胞的效应免疫反应，其高抗肿瘤疗效最近被证明受到显著的促动脉粥样硬化特性的限制。在这篇综述中，我们概述了免疫反应在癌症和动脉粥样硬化发生中的具体作用。此外，我们描述了当前的癌症免疫疗法如何影响动脉粥样硬化的发生，并讨论抗动脉粥样硬化免疫疗法是否可能同样对致癌作用产生影响。
