Romanelli João Paulo, Meli Paula, Santos João Paulo Bispo, Jacob Igor Nogueira, Souza Lukas Rodrigues, Rodrigues André Vieira, Trevisan Diego Peruchi, Huang Chunbo, Almeida Danilo R A, Silva Luiz G M, Lopes Assad Maria Leonor R C, Cadotte Marc W, Rodrigues Ricardo Ribeiro
Laboratory of Ecology and Forest Restoration (LERF), Department of Forest Sciences, "Luiz de Queiroz" College of Agriculture, University of São Paulo, Av. Pádua Dias, 11, Piracicaba, SP 13418-900, Brazil.
Facultad de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Forestales, Universidad de La Frontera, Temuco, Chile; Facultad de Ciencias Forestales, Universidad de Concepción, Chile.
Sci Total Environ. 2022 May 15;821:153403. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.153403. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
The UN Decade on Ecosystem Restoration is focussing attention and resources on restoration globally. Nowhere is this more crucial than in tropical forests that harbor immense biodiversity, but have also undergone widespread deforestation over the past few decades. We performed a meta-analysis to investigate how biodiversity features respond to forest restoration across the Brazilian Atlantic Forest (BAF), one of the most threatened biodiversity hotspots in the world. We assembled biodiversity in different metrics of structure and diversity features of three taxonomic groups (vascular plants, soil microorganisms, and invertebrates), generating a dataset with 2370 observations from 76 primary studies. We quantified the incomplete recovery of biodiversity (i.e., the rate of recovery to a pre-disturbance state) occurring during the restoration process, which we called the 'recovery gap'. Our results revealed that forests undergoing restoration in the BAF show a recovery gap of 34% for structure features and 22% for diversity features in comparison to reference reforests, considering all taxonomic groups investigated. For vascular plants, soil microorganisms, and invertebrates the recovery gap ranged between 46 and 47%, 16-26%, and 4-7%, respectively. Overall, the recovery gap was influenced by the interaction of restoration actions (i.e., the past land use, restoration age and restoration approach - active and passive restoration), however, structure features responded more sensitively to the time elapsed since restoration started, while the recovery gap for diversity features depended more on the past land-use. Our study can help guide the prioritization of the aforenamed taxonomic groups in restoration, the regulation of potential biodiversity offsetting policies in the BAF, and understanding how coupled biodiversity features respond to the interaction of environmental conditions and restoration actions in a high fragmented tropical landscape.
联合国生态系统恢复十年计划正在全球范围内将注意力和资源集中于生态系统恢复。这在热带森林中尤为关键，因为热带森林拥有极为丰富的生物多样性，但在过去几十年里也经历了大面积的森林砍伐。我们进行了一项荟萃分析，以研究生物多样性特征如何响应巴西大西洋森林（BAF）的森林恢复情况。巴西大西洋森林是世界上受威胁最严重的生物多样性热点地区之一。我们收集了三个分类群（维管植物、土壤微生物和无脊椎动物）在结构和多样性特征方面不同指标的生物多样性数据，生成了一个包含来自76项初步研究的2370条观测数据的数据集。我们对恢复过程中生物多样性的不完全恢复情况（即恢复到干扰前状态的速率）进行了量化，我们将其称为“恢复差距”。我们的研究结果表明，考虑到所有被调查的分类群，与参考重新造林的森林相比，BAF中正在进行恢复的森林在结构特征方面的恢复差距为34%，在多样性特征方面的恢复差距为22%。对于维管植物、土壤微生物和无脊椎动物，恢复差距分别在46%至47%、16%至26%和4%至7%之间。总体而言，恢复差距受到恢复行动相互作用的影响（即过去的土地利用方式、恢复年限和恢复方法——主动恢复和被动恢复），然而，结构特征对恢复开始后的时间推移更为敏感，而多样性特征的恢复差距更多地取决于过去的土地利用方式。我们的研究有助于指导在恢复过程中对上述分类群进行优先排序，规范BAF中潜在的生物多样性补偿政策，并理解在高度破碎化的热带景观中，生物多样性特征如何响应环境条件和恢复行动的相互作用。
