Copenhagen Hearing and Balance Centre, Department of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, and Audiology, Copenhagen University Hospital - Rigshospitalet, Section 8047, Inge Lehmanns Vej 8, 2100, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Blegdamsvej 3B, 2200, Copenhagen, Denmark.
Prog Neurobiol. 2022 May;212:102238. doi: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2022.102238. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
The saccule is one of the vestibular sensory organs of the inner ear. It detects head movements and provides information to maintain balance and orient in space. Despite its critical role, very little is known about its neurotransmission and regulation. Multiple disease entities and medications affect balance, which is why information on neurotransmission in the vestibular end organs including the saccule could have important pharmacological implications. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first paper to describe immunohistochemical expression of a large panel of neurotransmitters and receptors in the human saccule. Saccular tissue was sampled freshly during surgery. Based partly on previous findings in non-humans and partly on potential biological relevance, the neurotransmitters cholecystokinin, dopamine, GABA, glutamate, histamine and serotonin as well as receptors for these were selected for the tested panel. The neuroepithelium expressed glutamate receptor 1 (GluR1), metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR), GABA A receptor α (GABARα), GABA B receptor 2 and cholecystokinin receptor B (CCKBR), whereas l-glutamate, GluR1, CCKBR, GABARα, dopamine and serotonin receptor 1D were expressed in the subepithelial stroma. The non-sensory epithelium expressed GluR1, mGluR, histamine receptor 3, CCKAR and dopamine transporter. These findings provide a basis for pharmacological research and potential drug development.
球囊是内耳的前庭感觉器官之一。它检测头部运动，并提供信息以维持平衡和在空间中定向。尽管它具有关键作用，但对其神经传递和调节知之甚少。多种疾病实体和药物会影响平衡，这就是为什么包括球囊在内的前庭终器的神经传递信息可能具有重要的药理学意义。据我们所知，这是第一篇描述人类球囊中大量神经递质和受体的免疫组织化学表达的论文。球囊组织在手术过程中新鲜取样。部分基于非人类的先前发现，部分基于潜在的生物学相关性，选择了神经递质胆囊收缩素、多巴胺、GABA、谷氨酸、组胺和 5-羟色胺以及这些递质的受体用于测试面板。神经上皮表达谷氨酸受体 1 (GluR1)、代谢型谷氨酸受体 (mGluR)、GABA A 受体α (GABARα)、GABA B 受体 2 和胆囊收缩素受体 B (CCKBR)，而 l-谷氨酸、GluR1、CCKBR、GABARα、多巴胺和 5-羟色胺受体 1D 则在基质中表达。非感觉上皮表达 GluR1、mGluR、组胺受体 3、CCKAR 和多巴胺转运体。这些发现为药理学研究和潜在药物开发提供了基础。
