Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Department of Hydraulic Engineering, Delft University of Technology, Stevinweg 1, 2628, CN, Delft, the Netherlands; Department of Chemical, Polymer & Composite Materials Engineering, University of Engineering & Technology, Lahore, New Campus, 54890, Pakistan.
Department of Chemistry, University of Sahiwal, Sahiwal, 57000, Pakistan.
Chemosphere. 2022 May;294:133772. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.133772. Epub 2022 Jan 29.
Rapid industrial development, vehicles, domestic activities and mishandling of garbage are the main sources of pollutants, which are destroying the atmosphere. There is a need to continuously monitor these pollutants for the safety of the environment and human beings. Conventional instruments for monitoring of toxic gases are expensive, bigger in size and time-consuming. Hybrid materials containing organic and inorganic components are considered potential candidates for diverse applications, including gas sensing. Gas sensors convert the information regarding the analyte into signals. Various polymeric/inorganic nanohybrids have been used for the sensing of toxic gases. Composites of different polymeric materials like polyaniline (PANI), poly (4-styrene sulfonate) (PSS), poly (3,4-ethylene dioxythiophene) (PEDOT), etc. with various metal/metal oxide nanoparticles have been reported as sensing materials for gas sensors because of their unique redox features, conductivity and facile operation at room temperature. Polymeric nanohybrids showed better performance because of the larger surface area of nanohybrids and the synergistic effect between polymeric and inorganic materials. This review article focuses on the recent developments of emerging polymeric/inorganic nanohybrids for sensing various toxic gases including ammonia, hydrogen, nitrogen dioxide, carbon oxides and liquefied petroleum gas. Advantages, disadvantages, operating conditions and prospects of hybrid composites have also been discussed.
快速的工业发展、车辆、家庭活动和垃圾处理不当是污染物的主要来源，它们正在破坏大气。为了环境和人类的安全，有必要不断监测这些污染物。用于监测有毒气体的常规仪器价格昂贵、体积大且耗时。含有有机和无机成分的混合材料被认为是潜在的候选材料，可用于多种应用，包括气体感测。气体传感器将关于分析物的信息转换为信号。已经使用了各种聚合体/无机纳米复合材料来感测有毒气体。不同聚合材料（如聚苯胺（PANI）、聚（4-苯乙烯磺酸盐）（PSS）、聚（3,4-亚乙基二氧噻吩）（PEDOT）等）与各种金属/金属氧化物纳米粒子的复合材料已被报道为气体传感器的感测材料，因为它们具有独特的氧化还原特性、导电性和在室温下的简便操作。聚合体纳米复合材料由于纳米复合材料的更大表面积和聚合体与无机材料之间的协同效应，表现出更好的性能。本文综述了新兴聚合体/无机纳米复合材料在感测各种有毒气体（包括氨气、氢气、二氧化氮、一氧化碳和液化石油气）方面的最新进展。还讨论了混合复合材料的优点、缺点、工作条件和前景。
