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碳纳米角及其纳米杂化物/纳米复合材料作为湿度传感器的传感层——综述

Carbon Nanohorns and Their Nanohybrid/Nanocomposites as Sensing Layers for Humidity Sensors-A Review.

作者信息

Serban Bogdan-Catalin, Buiu Octavian, Bumbac Marius, Dumbrăvescu Niculae, Brezeanu Mihai, Matei-Gabriel Ursăchescu, Diaconescu Vlad, Sălăgean Maria Ruxandra, Cobianu Cornel

机构信息

National Institute for Research and Development in Microtechnologies, IMT-Bucharest, Str. Erou Iancu Nicolae 126A, 077190 Voluntari, Romania.

Sciences and Advanced Technologies Department, Faculty of Sciences and Arts, Valahia University of Târgoviște, Aleea Sinaia 13, 130004 Târgoviște, Romania.

出版信息

Polymers (Basel). 2025 Aug 12;17(16):2198. doi: 10.3390/polym17162198.

DOI:10.3390/polym17162198
PMID:40871145
原文链接:https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC12389315/
Abstract

Carbon nanohorns (CNHs), along with their nanocomposites and nanohybrids, have shown significant potential for humidity (RH) monitoring at room temperature (RT) due to their exceptional physicochemical and electronic properties, such as high surface area, tunable porosity, and stability in nanocomposites. Resistive sensors incorporating CNHs have demonstrated superior sensitivity compared to traditional carbon nanomaterials, such as carbon nanotubes and graphene derivatives, particularly in specific RH ranges. This review highlights recent advancements in CNH-based resistive RH sensors, discussing effective synthesis methods (e.g., arc discharge and laser ablation) and functionalization strategies, such as the incorporation of hydrophilic polymers or inorganic fillers like graphene oxide (GO) and metal oxides, which enhance sensitivity and stability. The inclusion of fillers, guided by Pearson's Hard-Soft Acid-Base (HSAB) theory, enables tuning of CNH-based sensing layers for optimal interaction with water molecules. CNH-based nanocomposites exhibit competitive response and recovery times, making them strong candidates for commercial sensor applications. However, challenges remain, such as optimizing materials for operation across the full 0-100% RH range. This review concludes with proposed research directions to further enhance the adoption and utility of CNHs in sensing applications.

摘要

碳纳米角（CNHs）及其纳米复合材料和纳米杂化物，由于其优异的物理化学和电子特性，如高表面积、可调节的孔隙率以及在纳米复合材料中的稳定性，在室温（RT）下的湿度（RH）监测方面显示出巨大潜力。与传统碳纳米材料（如碳纳米管和石墨烯衍生物）相比，包含碳纳米角的电阻式传感器已展现出卓越的灵敏度，尤其是在特定的相对湿度范围内。本综述重点介绍了基于碳纳米角的电阻式湿度传感器的最新进展，讨论了有效的合成方法（如电弧放电和激光烧蚀）以及功能化策略，例如引入亲水性聚合物或无机填料（如氧化石墨烯（GO）和金属氧化物），这些可提高传感器的灵敏度和稳定性。根据皮尔逊软硬酸碱（HSAB）理论引入填料，能够对基于碳纳米角的传感层进行调整，以实现与水分子的最佳相互作用。基于碳纳米角的纳米复合材料具有具有竞争力的响应和恢复时间，使其成为商业传感器应用的有力候选者。然而，挑战依然存在，例如优化材料以使其在0 - 100%的全相对湿度范围内运行。本综述最后提出了研究方向，以进一步提高碳纳米角在传感应用中的采用率和实用性。

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