Department of Research Programs, Fort Belvoir Community Hospital, Fort Belvoir, Virginia, USA.
Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, National Institute on Aging, NIA/NIH/IRP, Baltimore, Maryland, USA.
J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci. 2022 Jul 5;77(7):1371-1379. doi: 10.1093/gerona/glac028.
The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on trajectories in cardiometabolic health, physical activity, and functioning among U.S. older adults, overall and according to selected baseline sociodemographic characteristics.
We performed secondary analyses using longitudinal data on 1,372 participants from the 2006-2020 Health and Retirement Study. Pre-post COVID-19 pandemic onset was examined in relation to body mass index (BMI), number of cardiometabolic risk factors and/or chronic conditions, physical activity, Activities of Daily Living (ADL), and Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (IADL) using mixed-effects regression models and group-based trajectory models.
The COVID-19 pandemic was associated with significantly increased BMI (β = 1.39, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 0.74, 2.03). Furthermore, the odds of having at least one cardiometabolic risk factor and/or chronic disease increased pre-post COVID-19 onset (odds ratio 1.16, 95% CI: 1.00, 1.36), whereas physical functioning worsened pre-post COVID-19 onset (ADL: β = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.94, 1.28; IADL: β = 0.59, 95% CI: 0.46, 0.73). The pre-post COVID-19 period (2018-2020) showed a stable group of trajectories, with low, medium and high levels of the selected health indicators. Health disparities according to sex, race/ethnicity, educational level, work status, and total wealth are highlighted.
The COVID-19 pandemic onset appears to worsen cardiometabolic health and physical functioning among U.S. older adults, with clusters of individuals defined by selected sociodemographic characteristics experiencing distinct trajectories pre-post COVID-19 pandemic onset.
本研究旨在评估 COVID-19 大流行对美国老年人的心血管代谢健康、身体活动和功能轨迹的影响，总体上并根据选定的基线社会人口统计学特征进行评估。
我们使用来自 2006-2020 年健康与退休研究的 1372 名参与者的纵向数据进行二次分析。使用混合效应回归模型和基于群组的轨迹模型，研究了 COVID-19 大流行发病前与发病后与体重指数（BMI）、心血管代谢危险因素和/或慢性疾病数量、身体活动、日常生活活动（ADL）和工具性日常生活活动（IADL）的关系。
COVID-19 大流行与 BMI 显著增加相关（β=1.39，95%置信区间[CI]：0.74，2.03）。此外，COVID-19 发病前患有至少一种心血管代谢危险因素和/或慢性疾病的几率增加（优势比 1.16，95%CI：1.00，1.36），而身体功能在 COVID-19 发病前后恶化（ADL：β=1.11，95%CI：0.94，1.28；IADL：β=0.59，95%CI：0.46，0.73）。COVID-19 发病前后（2018-2020 年）显示出所选健康指标的低、中、高水平的稳定轨迹组。根据性别、种族/民族、教育程度、工作状况和总财富，突出了健康差异。
COVID-19 大流行的爆发似乎会恶化美国老年人的心血管代谢健康和身体功能，具有特定社会人口统计学特征的个体集群在 COVID-19 大流行发病前后经历了不同的轨迹。
