Department of Biotechnology, M.S. Ramaiah Institute of Technology, MSR Nagar, MSRIT Post, Bangalore, Karnataka, 560054, India.
Mol Biol Rep. 2022 Jun;49(6):4977-4988. doi: 10.1007/s11033-022-07160-3. Epub 2022 Feb 2.
Mucormycosis, also called "Black Fungus", is a new cause for worry in the current Coronavirus disease 2019 (covid-19) pandemic. Mucormycosis is devasting due to its high rate of morbidity and mortality which is a great cause of concern. Mucormycosis, in general, affects immunocompromised patients including diabetic, people with malignancies, organ and stem cell transplants and people affected with pandemic diseases like covid-19. Diagnosis of Mucormycosis is often delayed either due to clinical complications or misdiagnosed as symptoms of other diseases, especially covid-19. This could delay the treatment protocol which results in the failure of treatment. Mortality rate due to secondary infections in covid-19 patients with uncontrolled diabetics and who are on steroid therapy can soon reach 100% if diagnosis and treatment doesn't happen on timely basis. Risk of Mucormycosis is not just in immunosuppressed patients, but immunocompetent people with late diagnosis are also prone to infection. In view of this, we present a comprehensive review on risks of Mucormycosis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients highlighting the epidemiology, forms of Mucormycosis, immune response against Mucorales, difficulties in diagnosis and challenges in treatment of Mucormycosis, with emphasis on covid-19 associated Mucormycosis. Importantly, we have discussed the precautions and care to effectively manage Mucormycosis in immunocompromised and immunocompetent patients. Thus, current review helps clinicians in understanding various risk factors in both immunocompromised (especially covid-19 patients) and immunocompetent patients which is critical in managing Mucormycosis in current covid-19 pandemic.
毛霉菌病，也被称为“黑真菌”，是当前 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行中的一个新的令人担忧的原因。毛霉菌病的发病率和死亡率都很高，这是一个令人担忧的主要原因，因此具有破坏性。毛霉菌病通常影响免疫功能低下的患者，包括糖尿病患者、恶性肿瘤患者、器官和干细胞移植患者以及患有 COVID-19 等大流行疾病的患者。毛霉菌病的诊断常常由于临床并发症或误诊为其他疾病的症状而被延迟，尤其是 COVID-19。这可能会延迟治疗方案，导致治疗失败。对于 COVID-19 患者，未经控制的糖尿病和接受类固醇治疗的患者，如果不能及时进行诊断和治疗，继发感染导致的死亡率很快就会达到 100%。毛霉菌病的风险不仅在于免疫抑制患者，而且免疫功能正常但诊断延迟的患者也容易感染。有鉴于此，我们全面回顾了免疫抑制和免疫功能正常患者发生毛霉菌病的风险，重点介绍了毛霉菌病的流行病学、毛霉菌病的形式、对毛霉菌属的免疫反应、诊断困难以及毛霉菌病治疗的挑战，重点介绍了与 COVID-19 相关的毛霉菌病。重要的是，我们讨论了在免疫抑制和免疫功能正常患者中有效管理毛霉菌病的预防措施和护理。因此，当前的综述有助于临床医生了解免疫抑制患者（特别是 COVID-19 患者）和免疫功能正常患者的各种风险因素，这对于在当前 COVID-19 大流行中管理毛霉菌病至关重要。
