Parameswaran Madhangi, Hasan Hamzah A, Sadeque Jafor, Jhaveri Sharan, Avanthika Chaithanya, Arisoyin Abimbola E, Dhanani Maulik B, Rath Swaroopa M
Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, USA.
School of Medicine, Hashemite University, Zarqa, JOR.
Cureus. 2021 Dec 28;13(12):e20776. doi: 10.7759/cureus.20776. eCollection 2021 Dec.
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) refers to a spectrum of diseases involving the deposition of fat in the hepatocytes of people with little to no alcohol consumption. NAFLD is associated with hypertension, diabetes, obesity, etc. As their prevalence increases, the propensity and severity of NAFLD might increase. As per the recently developed multi-hit hypothesis, factors like oxidative stress, genetic predisposition, lipotoxicity, and insulin resistance have been found to play a key role in the development of NAFLD and its associated complications. This article focuses on NAFLD, its pathophysiology, risk factors, and the various genetic and epigenetic factors involved in its development along with possible treatment modalities. We conducted an all-language literature search on Medline, Cochrane, Embase, and Google Scholar until October 2021. The following search strings and Medical Subject Heading (MeSH) terms were used: "NAFLD," "NASH," "Fibrosis," and "Insulin Resistance." We explored the literature on NAFLD for its epidemiology, pathophysiology, the role of various genes, and how they influence the disease and associated complications about the disease and its hepatic and extrahepatic complications. With its rapidly increasing prevalence rates across the world and serious complications like NASH and hepatocellular carcinoma, NAFLD is becoming a major public health issue and more research is needed to formulate better screening tools and treatment protocols.
非酒精性脂肪性肝病（NAFLD）是指一系列疾病，涉及几乎不饮酒或不饮酒人群的肝细胞内脂肪沉积。NAFLD与高血压、糖尿病、肥胖等有关。随着它们的患病率增加，NAFLD的倾向和严重程度可能会增加。根据最近提出的多重打击假说，氧化应激、遗传易感性、脂毒性和胰岛素抵抗等因素在NAFLD及其相关并发症的发生发展中起着关键作用。本文重点关注NAFLD、其病理生理学、危险因素、参与其发生发展的各种遗传和表观遗传因素以及可能的治疗方式。我们在Medline、Cochrane、Embase和谷歌学术上进行了全语言文献检索，直至2021年10月。使用了以下检索词和医学主题词（MeSH）：“NAFLD”、“NASH”、“纤维化”和“胰岛素抵抗”。我们查阅了关于NAFLD的文献，以了解其流行病学、病理生理学、各种基因的作用，以及它们如何影响该疾病及其相关并发症，包括肝脏和肝外并发症。由于NAFLD在全球的患病率迅速上升，以及诸如NASH和肝细胞癌等严重并发症，它正成为一个主要的公共卫生问题，需要更多的研究来制定更好的筛查工具和治疗方案。
