Department of Agrifood, Environmental and Animal Sciences, University of Udine, Via Cotonificio 108, 33100, Udine, Italy.
Lab of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Nova Gorica, Vipavska Cesta 13, 5000, Nova Gorica, Slovenia.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2024 Nov 15;264:116669. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2024.116669. Epub 2024 Aug 13.
Inexpensive point-of-care (POC) analytical solutions have the potential to allow the implementation of large-scale screening campaigns aimed at identifying the initial stages of pathologies in the population, reducing morbidity, mortality and, indirectly, also the costs for the healthcare system. At global level, the most common preventive screening schemes address some cancer pathologies or are used to monitor the spread of some infective diseases. However, systematic testing might become decisive to improve the care response even in the case of chronic pathologies and, in this review, we analyzed the state-of-the-art of the POC diagnostics for Chronic Kidney Disease, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Multiple Sclerosis. The different technological options used to manufacture the biosensors and evaluate the produced data have been described and this information has been integrated with the present knowledge relatively to the biomarkers that have been proposed to monitor such diseases, namely their availability and reliability. Finally, the nature of the macromolecules used to capture the biomarkers has been discussed in relation to the biomarker nature.
廉价的即时检测（POC）分析解决方案有可能实现大规模的筛查活动，旨在识别人群中病理学的初始阶段，降低发病率、死亡率，并间接降低医疗保健系统的成本。在全球范围内，最常见的预防筛查方案针对某些癌症病理学，或用于监测某些传染病的传播。然而，即使在慢性疾病的情况下，系统检测也可能变得至关重要，以改善护理反应，在这篇综述中，我们分析了用于慢性肾脏病、慢性阻塞性肺病和多发性硬化症的即时诊断的最新技术。描述了用于制造生物传感器和评估所产生数据的不同技术选择，并且将这些信息与已经提出用于监测此类疾病的生物标志物的现有知识相结合，即它们的可用性和可靠性。最后，讨论了用于捕获生物标志物的大分子的性质与生物标志物的性质的关系。
