Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
Department of Public Health and Infectious Diseases, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy.
J Endocrinol Invest. 2022 Jun;45(6):1151-1160. doi: 10.1007/s40618-022-01752-3. Epub 2022 Feb 3.
Human body is colonized by trillions of microbes, influenced by several factors, both endogenous, as hormones and circadian regulation, and exogenous as, life-style habits and nutrition. The alteration of such factors can lead to microbial dysbiosis, a phenomenon which, in turn, represents a risk factor in many different pathologies including cancer, diabetes, autoimmune and cardiovascular disease, and infertility. Female microbiota dysbiosis (vaginal, endometrial, placental) and male microbiota dysbiosis (seminal fluid) can influence the fertility, determining a detrimental impact on various conditions, as pre-term birth, neonatal illnesses, and macroscopic sperm parameters impairments. Furthermore, unprotected sexual intercourse creates a bacterial exchange between partners, and, in addition, each partner can influence the microbiota composition of partner's reproductive tracts. This comprehensive overview of the effects of bacterial dysbiosis in both sexes and how partners might influence each other will allow for better personalization of infertility management.
人体被数万亿的微生物定植，受多种因素影响，包括内源性因素（如激素和昼夜节律调节）和外源性因素（如生活方式习惯和营养）。这些因素的改变可能导致微生物失调，这种现象反过来又成为许多不同疾病（包括癌症、糖尿病、自身免疫和心血管疾病以及不孕）的危险因素。女性微生物失调（阴道、子宫内膜、胎盘）和男性微生物失调（精液）会影响生育能力，对各种情况产生不利影响，如早产、新生儿疾病和宏观精子参数受损。此外，无保护的性行为会在伴侣之间产生细菌交换，而且，每个伴侣都会影响对方生殖道的微生物组成。对两性中细菌失调的影响以及伴侣之间如何相互影响的全面了解，将有助于更好地对不孕进行个性化管理。
