College of Urban and Environmental Sciences, Laboratory for Earth Surface Processes, Sino-French Institute for Earth System Science, Peking University, Beijing 100871, P. R. China.
School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen 518055, P. R. China.
Environ Sci Technol. 2022 Feb 15;56(4):2225-2235. doi: 10.1021/acs.est.1c07171. Epub 2022 Feb 4.
North China is among the most polluted regions in the country, and human exposure to PM (particulate matter with an aerodynamic diameter less than 2.5 μm) in this region has led to severe health consequences. The region has also benefited the most from emission reductions in recent years. It is of interest to understand to what extent and through which paths emissions from different sectors cause adverse health impacts. Here, we present the results of a full evaluation of the health benefits of emission control actions implemented in recent years based on segregated emission inventories with an emphasis on residential emissions. Two major causal paths, one from residential emissions to indoor air pollution, exposure, and premature deaths, and the other from nonresidential emissions to ambient air pollution and psychophysical impacts, were identified and quantified. From 2014 to 2019, both ambient (33%) and indoor (39%) PM decreased significantly, leading to decreasing trends in exposure (36%), premature deaths (10%), and psychophysical impacts (21%). The Air Pollution Prevention and Control Action Plan, the Clean Heating Campaign, and spontaneous residential shifts to clean energy contributed significantly to these reductions when the effects of other drivers, such as population and economic growth, were excluded.
华北地区是全国污染最严重的地区之一，该地区的人类暴露于 PM（空气动力学直径小于 2.5μm 的颗粒物）导致了严重的健康后果。近年来，该地区也从减排措施中受益最多。了解不同部门的排放通过哪些途径造成不良健康影响的程度是很重要的。在这里，我们根据细分的排放清单，重点介绍了住宅排放，展示了近年来实施的排放控制措施对健康带来的效益的全面评估结果。确定并量化了两个主要的因果途径，一个是从住宅排放到室内空气污染、暴露和过早死亡，另一个是非住宅排放到环境空气污染和心理生理影响。从 2014 年到 2019 年，环境（33%）和室内（39%）PM 显著下降，导致暴露（36%）、过早死亡（10%）和心理生理影响（21%）呈下降趋势。在排除人口和经济增长等其他驱动因素的影响后，《大气污染防治行动计划》、清洁供暖运动和居民自发转向清洁能源对这些减排措施的实施做出了重大贡献。
