Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
Department of Environmental Sciences, H.N.B. Garhwal University, Srinagar, Garhwal, 246174, Uttarakhand, India.
Spat Spatiotemporal Epidemiol. 2022 Feb;40:100470. doi: 10.1016/j.sste.2021.100470. Epub 2021 Nov 11.
The present work reports pollution level and spatial distribution of heavy metals (HMs) i.e. Iron (Fe), Manganese (Mn), Zinc (Zn), Copper (Cu), Lead (Pb), Chromium (Cr), Nickel (Ni), and Arsenic (As) in road dust of Dehradun city, Uttarakhand, India. Seventy samples in triplicates were collected from different land-use areas categorized as residential, commercial, national highways, and silent zones. The Concentrations of studied HMs were determined by the acid digestion method followed by inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). Pearson's significant correlation analysis is used to evaluate the relationship between heavy metal (HM) concentration and principal components analysis (PCA) was used for source identification of HMs in road dust. The average concentration of Mn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and Ni found higher when compared to the Indian soil background values. Among all studied HMs, Pb and Zn were found the most contaminated HMs in road dust. The degree of contamination shows the highest contamination of HMs found in commercial zones followed by National highways. The pollution load index (PLI) was found higher than 1 in all monitored 70 locations, showing the deterioration in the quality of road dust over the Dehradun city due to HMs. The principal component analysis result suggests that PC1 (Fe, Zn, Cu, and Ni) mainly comes from vehicular pollution, including tire wear and brake pad wear particles and corrosion of metallic components. PC2 (Mn and As) primarily comes from fossil fuel burning and pesticides and fertilizers containing Mn and As compounds. PC3 (Pb and Cr) mainly comes into road dust via fuel and lubrication oil residues and chrome-based paints. Spatial distribution maps of the HM concentration reveal that the city's central and eastern zone is the primary hotspot of high HM concentration, which links these zones to high vehicular volume and high population pressure.
本研究报告了印度北阿坎德邦德拉敦市道路灰尘中重金属（HM）即铁（Fe）、锰（Mn）、锌（Zn）、铜（Cu）、铅（Pb）、铬（Cr）、镍（Ni）和砷（As）的污染水平和空间分布。从居民区、商业区、国家高速公路和安静区等不同土地利用区域采集了 70 个三重复样本。采用酸消解法，随后采用电感耦合等离子体质谱法（ICP-MS）测定研究重金属的浓度。采用皮尔逊显著相关分析来评估重金属（HM）浓度之间的关系，并采用主成分分析（PCA）来确定道路灰尘中重金属的来源。与印度土壤背景值相比，Mn、Zn、Cu、Pb 和 Ni 的平均浓度较高。在所研究的所有重金属中，Pb 和 Zn 是道路灰尘中污染最严重的重金属。污染程度显示，商业区域的重金属污染最严重，其次是国家高速公路。在所有监测的 70 个地点，污染负荷指数（PLI）均高于 1，表明由于重金属的存在，德拉敦市道路灰尘的质量恶化。主成分分析结果表明，PC1（Fe、Zn、Cu 和 Ni）主要来自于车辆污染，包括轮胎磨损和刹车片磨损颗粒以及金属部件的腐蚀。PC2（Mn 和 As）主要来自于化石燃料燃烧和含有 Mn 和 As 化合物的农药和化肥。PC3（Pb 和 Cr）主要通过燃料和润滑油残渣以及基于铬的油漆进入道路灰尘。重金属浓度的空间分布图显示，城市中心和东部区域是重金属浓度高的主要热点区域，这些区域与高车辆流量和高人口压力有关。
