Kulkarni Rakesh, Wiemer Erik A C, Chang Wen
Molecular and Cell Biology, Taiwan International Graduate Program, National Defense Medical Center, Academia Sinica and Graduate Institute of Life Science, Taipei, Taiwan.
Institute of Molecular Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
Front Immunol. 2022 Jan 20;12:815020. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.815020. eCollection 2021.
Lipid rafts, also known as microdomains, are important components of cell membranes and are enriched in cholesterol, glycophospholipids and receptors. They are involved in various essential cellular processes, including endocytosis, exocytosis and cellular signaling. Receptors are concentrated at lipid rafts, through which cellular signaling can be transmitted. Pathogens exploit these signaling mechanisms to enter cells, proliferate and egress. However, lipid rafts also play an important role in initiating antimicrobial responses by sensing pathogens clustered pathogen-sensing receptors and triggering downstream signaling events such as programmed cell death or cytokine production for pathogen clearance. In this review, we discuss how both host and pathogens use lipid rafts and associated proteins in an arms race to survive. Special attention is given to the involvement of the major vault protein, the main constituent of a ribonucleoprotein complex, which is enriched in lipid rafts upon infection with vaccinia virus.
脂筏，也被称为微结构域，是细胞膜的重要组成部分，富含胆固醇、糖磷脂和受体。它们参与各种重要的细胞过程，包括内吞作用、胞吐作用和细胞信号传导。受体集中在脂筏上，通过脂筏可以传递细胞信号。病原体利用这些信号传导机制进入细胞、增殖并逸出。然而，脂筏在启动抗菌反应中也起着重要作用，它通过感知聚集的病原体感应受体并触发下游信号事件，如程序性细胞死亡或细胞因子产生以清除病原体。在这篇综述中，我们讨论了宿主和病原体如何在一场生存的军备竞赛中利用脂筏及相关蛋白。特别关注了主要穹窿蛋白的作用，它是核糖核蛋白复合物的主要成分，在感染痘苗病毒后会在脂筏中富集。
